READING PASSAGE 1:

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1 – 13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on pages 2 and 3

A Brief Introduction to Pepper

Pepper, the spice, comes from the berries of a plant that is a woody climbing vine. In

the botanical world, pepper belongs to a genus of plants called Piper. This genus was

created in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus, the Swedish botanist whose system for classifying

plants is still in use today. He placed seventeen species in the piper genus and probably

used the ancient Greek name for black pepper, Peperi, as the basis for the group.

Pepper isn’t a fast – maturing plant. It takes several years for the branching woody

vines to mature, and during their growth the vines can reach up to thirty feet. The

pepper berries – which grow in clusters and dangle from the vines – are picked by hand

when they are ready for harvesting, which usually begins two or three years after the

vine is first planted. Black pepper is picked when the berries are still green, while white

pepper is picked later, when the berries have turned from green to red. Preparing the

berries for sale involves a lengthy process of drying, cleaning and sorting. Once the

berries have been dried, they are then referred to as peppercorns, and these are what

are used in food preparation around the world.

The pepper plant loves the warm, humid, rainy tropics. In a narrow band around the

equator. Pepper also requires well – drained soils, and its preferred habitat is forests.

Unshaded plants which are exposed too long to the sun will not yield many berries. The

colorful mixes of whole peppercorns seen in many markets today contain green and

black peppercorns. Although there are pink peppercorns, the ripest berries, these are

more fragile and are therefore more costly than other kinds. This is why there are few of

them in a peppercorn mix.

No one knows when the first human bit into a peppercorn and decided it would taste

good on a piece of meat or in a vegetable stew, but in the West, it was the ancient

Romans who apparently first made pepper an essential part of their meals. Food was

only part of the reason for pepper’s popularity; health played an equally important role.

In the Roman Empire, pepper was employed to relieve the pain that was a common

consequence of numerous medical conditions and complaints. If you showed signs of a

fever, it was common practice to be given a liquid that had some pepper in it.

The Romans were not the first to embrace pepper as a medicine. Belief in the spice’s

considerable usefulness is reflected in India’s ancient Ayurvedic system of medicine,

which is more than three thousand years old. In Sanskrit (a language of ancient India)

black pepper is known as maricha or marica, meaning an ability to get rid of poison,

which suggests it was used in patients for this purpose. Pepper was also believed by

the Indians to have other qualities as well. For example, physicians would frequently

apply pepper – based lotions to reduce the effects of decay in teeth, which made it an

extremely popular remedy.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

In the Middle Ages (5th– 15th centuries) black peppers renown made it a must – have

item for the European wealthy, who loved the spice. At the time, pepper was guarded by

servants in royal households and kept in the private wardrobes of the rich. It was

considered a privilege to cook with pepper and many of the recipes from the period

called for substantial quantities of pepper, which might be considered very unappetising

today. But for most people, pepper was too expensive. In the year 1439, a pound of

pepper was roughly equal to more than two days’ pay in England. Meanwhile, pepper

could be exchanged for gold, and also became a form of payment for peoples work. In

some of the larger cities, it was even possible to use pepper as rent in some kinds of

accommodation. Employees in the pepper industry were not allowed to have pockets in

their jackets or trousers so that this valuable commodity would not be stolen.

The huge demand for pepper and the money it could bring encouraged people to risk

adventure on foreign oceans and in foreign lands, and it is within this context that the

story of pepper really begins.

Questions 1 – 6

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1 – 6 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1. Carl Linnaeus method for categorising plants has been replaced by a better one.

2. The ancient Greeks originally took the word for pepper from another language.

3. Machines are used to harvest pepper berries.

4. Pepper berries are riper than black pepper berries when they are picked.

5. Pepper vines need a lot of sunlight to produce a large harvest of berries.

6. Pink peppercorns are more expensive to buy than other varieties.

Questions 7 – 13

Complete the notes below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY

from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 7 – 13 on your answer sheet.

The Many Uses of Pepper

Ancient Rome

●the Romans used pepper to reduce 7……………… caused by many health issues

●8………………… containing pepper was used as medicine to bring down high temperatures

India

●pepper has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years>> IELTS TUTOR có hướng dẫn kĩ PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI THẬT TASK 2 (dạng advantages & disadvantages) NGÀY 04/8/2020 IELTS WRITING GENERAL MÁY TÍNH (kèm bài được sửa hs đi thi)

●pepper was thought to be able to extract 9 ………………… from people, as indicated by its name in Sanskrit.

●pepper was used to treat problems with peoples 10…………………

Uses in Europe in the Middle Ages

●in wealthy households, pepper was stored in 11……………………

● 12………………… written at the time required large amounts of pepper

●rent could be paid in the form of pepper in city areas

●people who worked with pepper had to wear clothes without 13……………… to discourage theft.