🔥A unique golden textile: Đề thi thật IELTS READING (IELTS Reading Recent Actual Test) - Kèm đáp án + Giải thích từ vựng

Question 14–19

Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs A–F.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i–ix, in boxes 14–19 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings
i. Experimenting with an old idea
ii. Life cycle of Madagascar spiders
iii. Advances in the textile industry
iv. Resources needed to meet the project’s demands
v. The physical properties of spider silk
vi. A scientific analysis of spider silk
vii. A unique work of art
viii. Importance of the silk textile market
ix. Difficulties of raising spiders in captivity

14. Paragraph A
15. Paragraph B
16. Paragraph C
17. Paragraph D
18. Paragraph E
19. Paragraph F

READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

A unique golden textile

A two-man project to use spider silk is achieved after 4 years

A. A rare textile made from the silk of more than a million wild spiders has gone on display at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. To produce the golden cloth, 70 people spent four years collecting golden orb spiders from telephone poles in Madagascar, while another dozen workers carefully extracted about 24 meters of thread from each of the arachnids. The resulting 11-foot by 4-foot textile is the only large piece of cloth made from natural spider silk existing in the world today.

B. Spider silk is very elastic and strong compared with steel or Kevlar, said textile expert Simon Peers, who led the project. Kevlar is a lightweight synthetic fabric which is often compared to nylon. It is very tough and durable and used in bullet-proof vests. Spider silk is resistant to wear, tear, and heat and has absolutely no melting point. But the tensile strength of spider silk is even greater than Kevlar’s and maintains elasticity, a strand of high-grade steel. Most importantly, spider silk is extremely lightweight: a strand of spider silk long enough to circle the Earth would weigh less than 500 grams (18 oz). It is also especially ductile, able to stretch up to 140 percent of its length without breaking, and can hold its strength below -40°C. This gives it a very high toughness, which equals that of commercial fibers.

C. Researchers have long been intrigued by the unique properties of spider silk. Unfortunately, spider silk is extremely hard to mass produce. Unlike silkworms, which are easy to raise in captivity, spiders have a habit of chomping off each other’s heads when housed together. According to Peers, there’s scientific research going on all over the world right now trying to replicate the tensile properties of spider silk to apply it to all sorts of areas in medicine and industries, but no one has yet succeeded in replicating 100 percent of the properties of natural spider silk.

D. Peers came up with the idea of weaving spider silk after learning about the French missionary Jacob Paul Camboué, who worked with spiders in Madagascar during the 1890s and 1900s. Camboué built a small, hand-driven machine to extract silk from up to 24 spiders at once, without harming them. The spiders were temporarily restrained, their silk extracted, and then let go. Peers managed to build a replica of this 24-spider silk-spinning machine. It was used at the turn of the century, said Nicholas Godley, who co-led the project with Peers. As an experiment, the pair collected and restrained about 80 spiders. When we stuck them in the machine and started turning it, a lot of them started to spin beautiful gold-colored silk straight onto our machine, Godley said.

E. But to make even the tiniest significant size, the silk experts had to drastically scale their plan. Fourteen thousand spiders yield about an ounce of silk, Godley said, and the textile weighs about 2.8 pounds. The numbers are overwhelming. To achieve their goal, Godley and Peers began hiring dozens of spider handlers to collect wild arachnids and carefully harness them to the silk extractors. When they needed people who were willing to work with spiders, Godley said, because by the end of the project, the team had spent more than 1 million spider lifetimes. In return, they produced a beautiful yet absolutely impractical cloth, passion provided by love and obsession.

Once the spiders had been silked, they were released back into the wild, said Godley. Godley said it takes them about a week to regenerate their silk. We can go back and get more from the same spiders, he said. It’s like the gift that never stops giving.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

F. Of course, spending four years to produce a single textile of spider silk isn’t very practical for scientists trying to study the properties of spider silk, or companies that want to manufacture the fabric for use as a biomedical product, or an alternative to Kevlar armor. Several groups have tried inserting spider genes into bacteria or even cows and goats to produce silk, but so far, the attempts have been only moderately successful. Part of the reason it’s so hard to generate spider silk in the lab is that it starts out as a liquid protein that’s produced by a special gland in the spider’s abdomen. Using their spinneret, spiders apply force to rearrange the protein’s molecular structure and transform it into solid silk. When we talk about a spider spinning silk, we’re talking about how the spider applies forces to produce a transformation from liquid to solid, said spider silk expert Todd Blackledge of the University of Akron, Ohio, US, who was not involved in creating the textile. Scientists simply can’t replicate the efficiency with which a spider produces silk. Every year we’re getting closer and closer to being able to mass-produce it, but we’re not there yet. For now, it seems we’ll have to be content with one incredibly beautiful cloth, graciously provided by more than a million spiders.

Questions 20-23

Look at the following statements (Questions 20-23) and the list of researchers below.
Match each statement with the correct researcher, A, B, or C.
Write the correct letter A, B, or C in boxes 20–23 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

20 It takes a tremendous number of spiders to make a small amount of silk
21 Scientists want to use the qualities of spider silk for medical purposes
22 Scientists are making some progress in their efforts to manufacture spider silk
23 Spider silk compares favorably to materials known for their strength

List of Researchers
A. Simon Peers
B. Nicholas Godley
C. Todd Blackledge

Questions 24-26

Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 24–26 on your answer sheet.

Producing spider silk in the lab
Both scientists and manufacturers are interested in producing silk for many different purposes. Some researchers have tried to grow silk by introducing genetic material into 24 ________ and some animals. But these experiments have been somewhat disappointing.
It is difficult to make spider silk in a lab setting because the silk comes from a liquid protein made in a 25 ________ inside the spider’s body. When a spider spins silk, it causes a 26 ________ that turns this liquid into solid silk. Scientists cannot replicate this yet.

1. Tremendous

Meaning: Rất lớn, to lớn.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: It takes a tremendous number of spiders to make a small amount of silk.
(Phải cần một số lượng nhện rất lớn để tạo ra một lượng nhỏ tơ lụa.)

2. Qualities

Meaning: Các đặc tính, phẩm chất.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Scientists want to use the qualities of spider silk for medical purposes.
(Các nhà khoa học muốn sử dụng các đặc tính của tơ nhện cho mục đích y tế.)

3. Manufacture

Meaning: Sản xuất, chế tạo.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Scientists are making some progress in their efforts to manufacture spider silk.
(Các nhà khoa học đang đạt được một số tiến bộ trong nỗ lực chế tạo tơ nhện.)

4. Favourably

Meaning: Một cách tích cực hoặc thuận lợi.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Spider silk compares favourably to materials known for their strength.
(Tơ nhện được so sánh một cách tích cực với các vật liệu nổi tiếng về độ bền của chúng.)

5. Genetic material

Meaning: Vật liệu di truyền.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Some researchers have tried to grow silk by introducing genetic material into bacteria and some animals.
(Một số nhà nghiên cứu đã thử tạo tơ lụa bằng cách đưa vật liệu di truyền vào vi khuẩn và một số loài động vật.)

6. Disappointing

Meaning: Gây thất vọng.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: But these experiments have been somewhat disappointing.
(Nhưng những thí nghiệm này đã có phần gây thất vọng.)

7. Liquid protein

Meaning: Protein dạng lỏng.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: The silk comes from a liquid protein made in a gland inside the spider’s body.
(Tơ nhện được tạo ra từ một chất đạm dạng lỏng trong tuyến bên trong cơ thể của nhện.)

8. Gland

Meaning: Tuyến (trong cơ thể).
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: The silk comes from a liquid protein made in a gland inside the spider’s body.
(Tơ nhện được tạo ra từ một chất đạm dạng lỏng trong tuyến bên trong cơ thể của nhện.)

9. Replicate

Meaning: Tái tạo, sao chép.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Scientists cannot replicate this yet.
(Các nhà khoa học vẫn chưa thể tái tạo điều này.)

10. Force

Meaning: Lực, sức mạnh.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: When a spider spins silk, it causes a force that turns this liquid into solid silk.
(Khi nhện quay tơ, nó tạo ra một lực làm chất lỏng này chuyển thành tơ rắn.)

Answer

1. vii
2. v
3. ix
4. i
5. iv
6. vi
7. B
8. C
9. C
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11. Bacteria
12. gland
13. Force