An Enterprise Education Programme in Hong Kong

The Teen Entrepreneurs Competition (TEC)

The Teen Entrepreneurs Competition (TEC) is an enterprise education programme developed by the Business Studies Division at the Hong Kong Institute of Education (HKIEd), the major training body for schoolteachers in Hong Kong. It has the following key objectives:

• To enable secondary school business students to integrate their conceptual learning with real business practices.
• To promote a collaborative approach to enterprise education.
• To build up formal links between HKIEd, schools, and entrepreneurs.

Among the various enterprise programmes in Hong Kong, TEC is unique as it is principally organised by pre-service teachers on their B.Ed course. At the beginning of the academic year, these pre-service teachers form an executive committee. They are advised by tutors in the Business Studies Division, and some of them are selected to act as TEC instructors. These instructors attend a series of training sessions that cover the concepts of entrepreneurship and practical skills for business start-ups. They are then sent to the schools to co-work with teachers and meet the competition teams.

Over a three-month period, the teams are required to brainstorm an innovative business start-up that is suitable for the Chinese New Year. They then draft a business proposal, turn this into a real business by sourcing or creating their products, and set up a market stall at the HKIEd campus. The teams' business ideas and sales performance are assessed by an adjudicating panel that is made up of entrepreneurs, school principals, teachers, students, and customers.

TEC has run annually for three years and has received favourable responses from both the education and local communities. In a recent evaluation survey, most participants ranked themselves in the satisfactory performance category and considered they had gained practical skills to run a small business. A typical response was:

"I understand enterprise better and have developed a good team spirit."

Moreover, positive views were obtained from some participants despite the fact that they had not had a good experience. For example, one participant reflected:

"I initially received a lot of criticism and even thought about giving up. However, I eventually learned to work in a systematic way."

The positive evaluation outcomes came not only from participants but from other stakeholders as well. The adjudicators commented that most of the business plans demonstrated an adequate understanding and application of entrepreneurship in the context of seasonal sales. In addition, the school teachers stated that TEC was a good platform in that it enabled their students to engage in business. They felt the zero drop-out rate strongly supported their views on the promising future of TEC.

The positive post-activity evaluations were indications of the programme's success, but an assessment of how well TEC met its objectives will clarify how sustainable it is as an enterprise education programme.

One objective was to provide participants with the opportunity to integrate conceptual learning with real business situations. The research studies that were carried out indicated that the school students taking part in TEC were able to apply entrepreneurial knowledge gained in their studies to the authentic business situations created by the programme. In fact, participants not only succeeded in doing this but also increased their overall understanding of business enterprise.

However, the financial and manpower support required by this kind of practical experience is beyond the resources of many schools. In fact, most teachers have little choice but to adopt a limited range of teaching methods, mostly based around traditional ones. Moreover, the dominant examination-orientated culture leads teachers to concentrate on written tests rather than explore practical experiences. TEC, however, is able to empower participants to be active learning agents and provides a feasible means of filling the gap in educational provision.

The research studies also demonstrated that the objective of promoting a collaborative approach to enterprise education was met. From the very start of the programme, considerable emphasis was placed on collaboration and teamwork. The participants had to cope in a learning environment that was full of ever-changing challenges, and this meant they had to find ways to deal with events as they occurred. This involved participants taking responsibility for their assigned role within the team and working closely with other team members. Moreover, at certain points, participants had to collaborate with other TEC stakeholders such as entrepreneurs and members of the local community.

The third aim was to develop a network between business and the business education field. Local entrepreneurs acted as sponsors and had an important role in ensuring the programme was financially viable. The network broadly consisted of three tiers:

1. The first tier was made up of key players, including the participants, the teachers, the instructors, and the executive committee. There was close collaboration amongst these groups: members of the committee communicated regularly with instructors to disseminate information to participants, and the schoolteachers and instructors met often to provide suitable guidance to participants.
2. The second tier was an organisational level that mainly consisted of the participating schools and the HKIEd. The contribution of the teacher training institute was to provide logistical support for implementing the programme, including the provision of a venue and a credible point of contact between the schools and the committee.
3. The third tier consisted of the entrepreneurs who served as judges or sponsors, community groups, the local press, and the customers themselves. The positive responses of all these stakeholders and their continuing support are a vote of confidence for the sustainability of TEC in Hong Kong.

Questions 27-32

Complete the summary using the list of words A-K below.
Write the correct letter A-K in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

The Teen Entrepreneurs Competition—An Outline

The Teen Entrepreneurs Competition (TEC) is an enterprise education initiative developed by the Hong Kong Institute of Education (HKIEd). The executive committee that organises the event is made up of pre-service teachers who receive 27. _______ from HKIEd staff.

The 28. _______ of the programme include giving secondary school students the opportunity to get involved in authentic business tasks and developing a 29. _______ consisting of the institute, local business people, and schools. The teams that take part receive practical support from a group of instructors.

Before meeting the teams, the instructors go to 30. _______, where they develop practical skills and are taught a range of entrepreneurial 31. _______. The competition requires teams to come up with a new business 32. _______ for the Chinese New Year. The teams also write business plans and purchase or make their products. The judges, who include business people and education professionals, consider their business performance and sales.

Word List:

A. Management
B. Workshops
C. Companies
D. Guidance
E. Finance
F. Theories
G. Resources
H. Outcomes
I. Aims
J. Venture
K. Network

Questions 33-36

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?

In boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet, write:

• YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer.
• NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer.
• NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this.

33. The questionnaire results indicated that relatively few participants were satisfied with their performance in TEC.
34. One participant was initially tempted to withdraw from the competition.

35 School teachers believed that some of their students were better suited to taking part in the competition than others.

36 School teachers thought that participants' sustained interest in the programme confirmed their positive opinion of it.

Questions 37-40

Choose the correct letter: A, B, C, or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.

37. In the sixth paragraph, what point does the writer make about the TEC programme?

• A The programme enabled participants to put theory into practice.
• B There is little agreement on how sustainable the programme is.
• C The participants' evaluations of the programme were inconsistent.
• D The programme showed how little participants knew about business.

38. What does the writer say about the objective of promoting a collaborative approach?

• A Different participants adopted different strategies.
• B The results of the research studies were inconclusive.
• C The nature of the situations ensured that participants co-operated.
• D Some participants were unable to develop the relevant skills.

39. What does the writer say about TEC's connections with the business world?

• A Entrepreneurs offered valuable professional advice.
• B There were a few communication problems with the entrepreneurs.
• C Some entrepreneurs were unwilling to provide a suitable venue.
• D Entrepreneurs helped to make the programme workable in terms of costs.

40. According to the final paragraph, the Hong Kong Institute of Education:

• A has voted to continue offering the programme.
• B was central in securing support from community groups.
• C has improved its reputation as a result of the programme.
• D was a useful link between the other contributors.

Chương Trình Giáo dục Khởi nghiệp tại Hồng Kông
Cuộc Thi Doanh nhân Trẻ (Teen Entrepreneurs Competition - TEC)

Cuộc Thi Doanh nhân Trẻ (TEC) là một chương trình giáo dục khởi nghiệp (enterprise education programme) được phát triển bởi Khoa Nghiên cứu Kinh doanh thuộc Viện Giáo dục Hồng Kông (HKIEd) – đơn vị đào tạo giáo viên hàng đầu tại đây. Chương trình có các mục tiêu chính sau:

1. Giúp học sinh trung học chuyên ngành kinh doanh kết hợp kiến thức lý thuyết (conceptual learning) với thực tiễn kinh doanh (real business practices).

2. Thúc đẩy phương pháp tiếp cận hợp tác (collaborative approach) trong giáo dục khởi nghiệp.

3. Xây dựng mối liên kết chính thức giữa HKIEd, trường học và các doanh nhân.

Trong số các chương trình khởi nghiệp ở Hồng Kông, TEC là độc đáo vì chủ yếu được tổ chức bởi giáo viên dự bị (pre-service teachers) đang theo học chương trình Cử nhân Giáo dục (B.Ed). Đầu năm học, các giáo viên dự bị này thành lập một ban tổ chức (executive committee). Họ được cố vấn bởi giảng viên Khoa Nghiên cứu Kinh doanh, và một số được chọn làm giảng viên hướng dẫn TEC (TEC instructors). Những giảng viên này tham gia các buổi đào tạo (training sessions) về tư duy khởi nghiệp và kỹ năng thực tế để khởi nghiệp (business start-ups), sau đó đến các trường hợp tác với giáo viên và các đội thi.

Trong 3 tháng, các đội phải động não (brainstorm) ý tưởng kinh doanh sáng tạo phù hợp dịp Tết Nguyên đán, lập đề xuất kinh doanh (business proposal), biến ý tưởng thành doanh nghiệp thực bằng cách tạo sản phẩm và dựng gian hàng (market stall) tại HKIEd. Ban giám khảo (adjudicating panel) gồm doanh nhân, hiệu trưởng, giáo viên, học sinh và khách hàng sẽ đánh giá ý tưởng và hiệu suất bán hàng (sales performance).>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

TEC đã tổ chức thành công 3 năm liên tiếp, nhận phản hồi tích cực từ cộng đồng giáo dục và địa phương. Trong một khảo sát gần đây, hầu hết người tham gia tự đánh giá đạt mức độ hài lòng (satisfactory performance) và cho biết họ đã học được kỹ năng thực tế để vận hành doanh nghiệp nhỏ. Một phản hồi tiêu biểu:

"Tôi hiểu hơn về khởi nghiệp và phát triển tinh thần đồng đội (team spirit)."

Ngay cả những người có trải nghiệm không suôn sẻ cũng đánh giá tích cực. Ví dụ:
"Ban đầu tôi nhận nhiều chỉ trích, thậm chí muốn bỏ cuộc. Nhưng cuối cùng tôi đã học cách làm việc có hệ thống (systematic way)."

Các bên liên quan (stakeholders) như ban giám khảo cũng công nhận các kế hoạch kinh doanh (business plans) thể hiện sự hiểu biết và ứng dụng tốt về khởi nghiệp trong bối cảnh kinh doanh theo mùa (seasonal sales). Giáo viên cho rằng TEC là nền tảng (platform) giúp học sinh tham gia kinh doanh, và tỷ lệ bỏ học 0% (zero drop-out rate) củng cố niềm tin vào tương lai của chương trình.

Dù đánh giá sau hoạt động rất tích cực, việc đo lường mức độ đáp ứng mục tiêu sẽ quyết định tính bền vững (sustainability) của TEC.

Mục tiêu 1: Kết hợp lý thuyết với thực tiễn. Nghiên cứu cho thấy học sinh áp dụng thành công kiến thức vào tình huống kinh doanh thực tế (authentic business situations).

Tuy nhiên, hỗ trợ tài chính và nhân lực (financial and manpower support) cho loại hình này vượt quá khả năng của nhiều trường. Giáo viên thường chỉ dùng phương pháp giảng dạy truyền thống (traditional teaching methods) do áp lực văn hóa thi cử (examination-orientated culture). TEC giúp lấp đầy khoảng trống này bằng cách biến người học thành tác nhân chủ động (active learning agents).

Mục tiêu 2: Thúc đẩy hợp tác. Người tham gia phải làm việc nhóm trong môi trường đầy thách thức, đồng thời hợp tác với các bên như doanh nhân và cộng đồng.

Mục tiêu 3: Xây dựng mạng lưới giữa giáo dục và kinh doanh. Mạng lưới gồm 3 cấp:

1. Cấp cốt lõi (first tier): Người tham gia, giáo viên, giảng viên hướng dẫn và ban tổ chức.

2. Cấp tổ chức (second tier): Trường học và HKIEd, cung cấp hỗ trợ hậu cần (logistical support) như địa điểm và kết nối.

3. Cấp cộng đồng (third tier): Doanh nhân, báo chí, khách hàng. Sự ủng hộ của họ là phiếu tín nhiệm (vote of confidence) cho TEC.

27. F
28. J
29. K
30. D
31. H
32. B
33. NO
34. YES
35. NOT GIVEN
36. YES
37. A
38. C
39. D
40. D