🔥Artificial Intelligence in Sport (Đề thi IELTS READING) - Kèm giải thích từ vựng

Artificial Intelligence in Sport

A The first sports game was televised in the USA more than fifty years ago. Over the following decades television provided sports coaches with a wealth of information to analyse. By viewing recordings, they could study the number of passes received, tackles avoided, distances covered, speeds achieved and a host of other factors relating to the performance of their teams or athletes. Most of this data, though, consisted of bare statistics without any meaningful context. However, the use of artificial intelligence (Al) is now enabling an alternative approach to coaching. Al means the development of computer systems that can perform tasks usually associated with human intelligence, such as decision making. Increasingly, computers are being trained to understand the rules and objectives of sports so they can coach more directly. Al can analyse not only a player’s actions, but also relate those actions to the wider context, including the directives of the coach and the actions of other players. Sports scientists believe that Al is revolutionising sports coaching by analysing patterns of behaviour in ways simply not possible before.

B There may be limitless ways in which Al technology can be developed, but certain practical applications are already apparent. Recently, a research experiment was conducted into the Spanish football league using an Al algorithm to analyse the passing strategies of 20 teams. The research revealed that two teams, Barcelona and Real Madrid, had more than 150 recurring passing patterns. However, the algorithm detected just 31 passing patterns used by Atlético Madrid. All of Atlético’s other plays were one-offs that were never repeated, and the team won the league that season. One conclusion seems to be that teams with a less predictable style of play win more games. What’s more, according to Dr. Johann Muller, a sports scientist who has studied the Spanish research findings, the number of injuries a team suffers increases when they play in a style that prioritizes offense.

C Since then, there has been a great deal of interest in the potential of Al. Professor of sports education Rebecca Graves believes that Al can provide coaches with invaluable insights. ‘Tactics were once closely guarded secrets,’ says Professor Graves, ‘but now a coach with access to Al can identify how a rival team is likely to play a match based on historic form. Once this was largely guesswork but now it can be achieved with some confidence! The expense of Al technology means it will probably remain beyond the reach of all but elite teams, but among this group the implications are enormous. Professor Graves argues that Al allows preparations for a match to be tailored to individual players with much greater precision. She identifies fitness work, skills development, diet, and numerous other factors that can be minutely customized, based on an individual’s particular strengths and weaknesses.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

D Part of the appeal of Al lies in its versatility. Ice hockey coaches in Finland are using Al to analyze the success of different plays. An Indian company has employed wearable technology developed in other fields to analyse stride patterns. This analysis has allowed its technicians to develop sneakers in various styles aimed at both long- and short-distance runners. Coaching practices in professional basketball, American football and tennis are also being transformed by Al. In addition, the technology has applications in highly technical sports such as car racing. Coaches involved in the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) believe that Al algorithms not only help drivers go faster but also enhance the safety of the sport because of their ability to monitor and predict potential problems.

E Al doesn’t get tired, has extraordinary powers of vision, particularly for objects moving at speed, and is capable of making complex calculations very quickly. For all these reasons Al is increasingly being used in the high-pressure world of judging gymnastics performances. Research has shown that, particularly over a whole day’s worth of events, computers are just as reliable as human judges when it comes to giving gymnasts a score. However, computer scientist Henri Simeonson has been quick to warn about some potential difficulties. In particular, Simeonson is concerned that AI is vulnerable to hackers, who might be able to influence the outcome of a tournament.

F It should not be forgotten, either, that many sports stars and sports teams are commercially dependent on their fans. If sufficient supporters do not buy tickets to games or pay to view a recording, the teams might struggle to survive. But now teams and stars are making increasing use of chatbots and other ‘virtual assistants’ to provide fans with statistics, news and background information about their favourite players. Another innovation is seen in Minor League Baseball in the USA, which is promoting the sport and seeking new fans with the use of Al-enhanced journalism. In this way, baseball is keeping supporters informed with all the up-to-the-minute developments in ways not possible with more traditional approaches. Analysts believe these sorts of initiatives are crucial to increasing a player or team’s revenue stream. It’s just one more way that sports stand to benefit from Al technologies, on and off the field.

Questions 14-19

Reading Passage has six paragraphs, A-F.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.

List of Headings:

i. AI can improve the profitability of sporting businesses
ii. Responses to criticisms of AI in sports coaching
iii. A contrast between coaching today and in the past
iv. An academic outlines some of the advantages of AI in sport
v. The businesses responsible for creating AI software
vi. The use of AI to decide the results of a competition
vii. An academic study into a team sport in one country
viii. The uses of AI in coaching a range of different sports

14 Paragraph A: ___
15 Paragraph B: ___
16 Paragraph C: ___
17 Paragraph D: ___
18 Paragraph E: ___
19 Paragraph F: ___

Questions 20 and 21

Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Which TWO of these are proposed by Professor Rebecca Graves?
The list below gives some ways coaches could use AI:

A. Speeding up analysis of data
B. Personalising training programmes
C. Improving mental toughness
D. Reducing cost of sports coaching
E. Identifying opponents’ game plans

Questions 22-26

Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

1. Analysis of AI data by Dr Johann Muller suggests that teams that play defensively have fewer ___

2. An Indian company has designed new ___ using AI technology.>> IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI 30/5/2020 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 (kèm bài sửa HS đạt 6.5)

3. The use of AI in NASCAR is believed to improve ___ as well as driver performance.

4. Henri Simeonson says that ___ might be able to disrupt AI and make competitions unfair.

5. In Minor League Baseball, a type of ___ powered by AI is giving the sport greater publicity.

A: Artificial Intelligence in Sport

1. Televised

   • Meaning: Truyền hình, phát sóng trên tivi
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "The first sports game was televised in the USA more than fifty years ago."

2. Wealth of information

   • Meaning: Một lượng lớn thông tin
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Over the following decades television provided sports coaches with a wealth of information to analyse."

3. Meaningful context

   • Meaning: Ngữ cảnh có ý nghĩa
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Most of this data, though, consisted of bare statistics without any meaningful context."

4. Directives

   • Meaning: Hướng dẫn, chỉ đạo
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Al can analyse not only a player’s actions, but also relate those actions to the wider context, including the directives of the coach."

5. Patterns of behaviour

   • Meaning: Mẫu hành vi
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Al is revolutionising sports coaching by analysing patterns of behaviour in ways simply not possible before."

B: Practical Applications

1. Algorithm

   • Meaning: Thuật toán
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Recently, a research experiment was conducted into the Spanish football league using an Al algorithm to analyse the passing strategies of 20 teams."

2. Recurring

   • Meaning: Lặp đi lặp lại
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "The research revealed that two teams, Barcelona and Real Madrid, had more than 150 recurring passing patterns."

3. One-offs

   • Meaning: Chỉ xảy ra một lần
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "All of Atlético’s other plays were one-offs that were never repeated."

4. Predictable

   • Meaning: Có thể đoán trước được
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Teams with a less predictable style of play win more games."

5. Prioritize

   • Meaning: Ưu tiên
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "The number of injuries a team suffers increases when they play in a style that prioritizes offense."

C: Implications of AI

1. Tactics

   • Meaning: Chiến thuật
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Tactics were once closely guarded secrets."

2. Elite teams

   • Meaning: Các đội tuyển hàng đầu
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "The expense of Al technology means it will probably remain beyond the reach of all but elite teams."

3. Tailored

   • Meaning: Được điều chỉnh cho phù hợp
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Al allows preparations for a match to be tailored to individual players with much greater precision."

D: Versatility of AI

1. Versatility

   • Meaning: Tính đa năng
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Part of the appeal of Al lies in its versatility."

2. Wearable technology

   • Meaning: Công nghệ có thể mặc được
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "An Indian company has employed wearable technology developed in other fields to analyse stride patterns."

3. Stride patterns

   • Meaning: Kiểu bước đi
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "This analysis has allowed its technicians to develop sneakers in various styles aimed at both long- and short-distance runners."

4. Enhance

   • Meaning: Cải thiện
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Al algorithms not only help drivers go faster but also enhance the safety of the sport."

E: Judging and Calculations

1. Extraordinary powers of vision

   • Meaning: Khả năng nhìn đặc biệt
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Al doesn’t get tired, has extraordinary powers of vision, particularly for objects moving at speed."

2. Vulnerable

   • Meaning: Dễ bị tổn thương
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Simeonson is concerned that AI is vulnerable to hackers."

3. Hackers

   • Meaning: Tin tặc
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "AI is vulnerable to hackers, who might be able to influence the outcome of a tournament."

F: Commercial Uses

1. Commercially dependent

   • Meaning: Phụ thuộc về mặt thương mại
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Many sports stars and sports teams are commercially dependent on their fans."

2. Chatbots

   • Meaning: Phần mềm giao tiếp tự động
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Teams and stars are making increasing use of chatbots and other ‘virtual assistants’ to provide fans with statistics."

3. Revenue stream

   • Meaning: Dòng doanh thu
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Analysts believe these sorts of initiatives are crucial to increasing a player or team’s revenue stream."

14. iii 15. vii 16. iv 17. viii 18. vi 19. i 20. B 21. E 22. injuries 23. sneakers 24. safety 25. hackers 26. journalism