Bên cạnh PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI THẬT TASK 2 (dạng advantages & disadvantages) Some students work while studying. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend and give your opinion?NGÀY 04/8/2020 IELTS WRITING GENERAL MÁY TÍNH (kèm bài được sửa hs đi thi), IELTS TUTOR cũng cung cấp 🔥Classical music over the centuries​: Đề thi thật IELTS READING (IELTS Reading Recent Actual Test) - Làm bài online format computer-based, kèm giải thích từ vựng

READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on pages 6 and 7.

Questions 14-19
Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-F.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings
i. Music comes to be enjoyed in a large variety of situations
ii. More people gain access to live music
iii. A focus on survival limits the practice of classical music
iv. A clash of musical styles takes place
v. A range of scientific advances brings music to a wider audience
vi. Listening to music being limited to live performances
vii. How classical music has managed to survive for centuries

14. Paragraph A
15. Paragraph B
16. Paragraph C
17. Paragraph D
18. Paragraph E
19. Paragraph F

Classical music over the centuries

A
The production of any great art form, and classical music is no exception, does not usually occur in a society dominated by the basic material demands of food and shelter. Art and music have flourished in those periods of history, and those parts of society, in which the luxury of free time and material wealth has allowed such a culture to take precedence over more material matters. In the medieval European world, it was thus primarily in the closed communities of the church and monastery, and royal courts that music, literature, and learning were able to flourish.

B
It was not until the 18th century that this situation changed to any great extent, and the rise of an economically independent middle class meant that concert-going became a public activity for anyone who cared to buy a ticket. It is worth remembering that the idea of classical music widely accepted today did not exist until about 300 years ago. Performing music in concert halls to a paying audience, as something inherently pleasurable and significant, was pretty much unheard of until the 18th century, and not widely established until the 19th. The concert venue, the audience, and the idea of masterpieces of classical music, were all effectively invented during the course of the 18th century in London, Paris, Vienna, Berlin, and other European cities where the arts in general were blossoming.

C
Today, music that was originally written for a concert venue may appear, out of its original context, in an advert or film. Conversely, music written specifically for films is sometimes performed live. But nothing has changed music over the last century more radically than the invention and dissemination of recording technologies. However, although Thomas Edison originally developed the phonograph in 1877, and wax cylinders were used as early as the 1880s for recording music, commercial recordings of music were not generally available to the majority until the 1920s. From the mid-1980s onwards, the vinyl disc gradually gave way to the new technology of the CD, but just a decade later, the digital MP3 file was already displacing the CD as the favoured way to produce recorded music. Yet now, people have more music stored on their phones or computers—which they can call up with the touch of a finger—than would have been contained on all the metres of library shelves of a proud 'record collector' of the 20th century.

D
Before recording, music was a social event—it involved one or more people coming together to make music. The music lasted for as long as the musicians sang or played, and then it was over. Therefore, the only music that was heard tended to be compositions by recent or living musicians, probably working in the locality. It was rare to hear music from a past generation, distant place, or culture. Even when music became professionalized, people who wanted to listen to music went to a specific venue, at a specific time, to hear musicians create a one-off event.

E
Nowadays, however, technology makes almost all the world's music instantly available to anyone with access to simple and cheap gadgets for playing it. Music thus floats free of any specific occasion or venue. It is no longer restricted to a particular audience or group of musicians. For the first time, listening to music can be entirely a personal affair. This is one of the reasons the classical label becomes harder to pin down. One of its distinctive features—a performance defined by concert halls and opera houses—is dissolved by recording formats. As a consequence, all music, classical music included, can be any person's soundtrack for activities such as commuting, exercising, or working.

F
The ubiquity of music as recorded sound means that it's very easy to overlook the most definitive aspect of the classical music tradition—the fact that it is written or notated music. Though classical music may lack a precise definition and mean quite different things to different people, at its heart is the idea of music that has remained viable over the years because it was written down in notation. The origins of what music historians think of as classical music lie in the ninth century when a system of musical notation was first developed. Before this time, singers in religious services in cathedrals or monasteries had to learn by heart a huge repertory of chants. The first attempts to notate music were intended to help them remember these. Over the next centuries, notation became more complex, incorporating such aspects as rhythm and pitch, allowing composers to rework and refine their musical ideas. Put simply, the history of classical music, in all its varied forms, is the history of a tradition that grew out of the possibilities of musical notation.

E Today, however, technology makes almost all the world's music instantly available to anyone with access to simple and cheap gadgets for playing it. Music thus floats free of any specific occasion or venue. It is no longer restricted to a particular audience or group of musicians. For the first time, listening to music can be an entirely personal affair. This is one of the reasons why the classical label becomes harder to pin down. One of its distinctive characteristics—live performance, defined by concert halls and opera houses—is dissolved by modern recording formats. As a consequence, all music, classical music included, can now become any person's soundtrack for activities such as commuting, exercising, or relaxing.

F The ubiquity of music as recorded sound means that it's very easy to overlook perhaps the most definitive aspect of the classical music tradition—the fact that it is built on notated music. Though classical music may lack a precise definition and mean quite different things to different people, at its heart is the idea of a written tradition. It has remained viable over the years because it was written down in notation. The origins of what music historians think of as classical music lie in the ninth century when a system of musical notation was first developed. Before this time, singers in religious services in cathedrals or monasteries had to learn by heart a huge repertory of chants. The first attempts to notate music were intended to help them remember these. Over the next few centuries, notation became more complex, incorporating such aspects as rhythm and pitch, allowing composers to rework and refine their musical ideas. Simply put, the history of classical music, in all its varied forms, is the history of a tradition that grew out of the possibilities of musical notation.

Questions 20 and 21
Choose TWO letters, A–E.
Write the correct letters in boxes 20 and 21 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make about recording technologies?

• A The vinyl disc was relatively easy to damage.
• B The sound quality from wax cylinders was inferior to that of the phonograph.
• C Electronic storage allows people to keep a vast amount of music.
• D Recorded music sold well immediately after Edison invented the phonograph.
• E The CD was popular for a relatively brief period.

Questions 22 and 23
Choose TWO letters, A–E.
Write the correct letters in boxes 22 and 23 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make about musical notation?

• A The way it is interpreted has changed over time.
• B It was originally designed as a memory aid.
• C It is often ignored by classical musicians today.
• D Classical music could not have survived without it.
• E Its importance diminished with the arrival of recording.

Questions 24–26
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 24–26 on your answer sheet.

The impact of today's technology on music

These days, the world's music is instantly and constantly available to almost everyone. Thus, music is no longer tied to a particular location or occasion, nor is it associated with a group of musicians or a specific 24. It has become uniquely, in its history, completely personal to each and every individual.

Thanks to digital recording, the need for venues such as opera houses or 25 where concerts are performed has vanished. Digitization has also made it possible for people to treat music as a 26 to their daily activities.

1. Ubiquity

   • Meaning: The state of being everywhere or very common.
   • Vietnamese: Sự có mặt mọi nơi, sự phổ biến.
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: The ubiquity of music as recorded sound means that it's very easy to overlook...

2. Pin down

   • Meaning: To identify or describe something precisely.
   • Vietnamese: Xác định chính xác.
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: This is one of the reasons why the classical label becomes harder to pin down.

3. Dissolved

   • Meaning: To become less clear or disappear.
   • Vietnamese: Biến mất, không rõ ràng nữa.
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: One of its distinctive characteristics—live performance, defined by concert halls and opera houses—is dissolved by modern recording formats.

4. Rework

   • Meaning: To change or revise something to improve it.
   • Vietnamese: Làm lại, sửa đổi.
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: ...allowing composers to rework and refine their musical ideas.

5. Refine

   • Meaning: To improve something by making small changes.
   • Vietnamese: Làm tinh tế, cải tiến.
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: ...allowing composers to rework and refine their musical ideas.

6. Social event

   • Meaning: An event where people gather to interact and share experiences.
   • Vietnamese: Sự kiện xã hội, sự kiện giao lưu.
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Before recording, music was a social event—it involved one or more people coming together to make music.

7. Ubiquitous

   • Meaning: Present, appearing, or found everywhere.
   • Vietnamese: Phổ biến, có mặt ở khắp nơi.
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: The ubiquity of music as recorded sound means that it's very easy to overlook...

8. Viable

   • Meaning: Capable of working successfully or continuing to exist.
   • Vietnamese: Có thể tiếp tục tồn tại, khả thi.
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: It has remained viable over the years because it was written down in notation.

9. Notation

   • Meaning: A system of symbols used to represent music or other information.
   • Vietnamese: Ký hiệu âm nhạc, hệ thống ký hiệu.
   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: At its heart is the idea of a written tradition. It has remained viable over the years because it was written down in notation.

10. Repertory

    • Meaning: A collection of works that a performer or group can present.
    • Vietnamese: Bộ sưu tập các tác phẩm, chương trình biểu diễn.
    • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: ...singers in religious services in cathedrals or monasteries had to learn by heart a huge repertory of chants.

11. Distant

    • Meaning: Far away in time or space.
    • Vietnamese: Xa xôi, cách biệt.
    • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: ...it was rare to hear music from a past generation, distant place or culture.

12. Complex

    • Meaning: Consisting of many different parts or elements that are connected.
    • Vietnamese: Phức tạp.
    • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Over the next few centuries, notation became more complex, incorporating such aspects as rhythm and pitch...

• 14 iii

  15 ii

  16 v

  17 vi

  18 i

  19 vii

  20E

  21C

  22D

  23B

  24 audience

  25 halls

  26 soundtrack

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