🔥Corporal Punishment: Đề thi thật IELTS READING (IELTS Reading Recent Actual Test) - Kèm đáp án + Giải thích từ vựng

Corporal Punishment

Corporal punishment is a contentious and much debated issue within society. Corporal punishment is defined as the use of physical force towards a child for the purpose of control and/or correction, and as a disciplinary penalty inflicted on the body with the intention of causing some degree of pain or discomfort, however mild. Research has shown that corporal punishment is effective in achieving immediate child compliance. However, others have argued that the benefits associated with immediate child amenability can be offset by findings that indicate corporal punishment fails to teach a child self-control and inductive reasoning. Instead, corporal punishment teaches a child to avoid engaging in behaviour that is punishable by way of force while in an adult’s presence, in contrast to teaching a child not to engage in the undesirable behaviour at all. As part of their natural development, children sometimes challenge or test parental and adult expectations and authority and sometimes, children simply choose to misbehave in order to gain something, such as attention, an object, power or peer approval. This parental challenge is a significant part of the growth process of children and everyone agrees that, although it should not be discouraged, it should not be without consequence. This is how children learn right from wrong, acceptable from unacceptable. However, there are few issues parents feel more strongly about than those regarding the discipline and punishment of their children. Although people may use those terms interchangeably, they mean quite different things. The definition of discipline shows it is the process of teaching a child the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. Good discipline should be a positive force, focusing on what a child is allowed to do. The goal of discipline is to help a child change impulsive, random behaviour into controlled, purposeful behaviour, and discipline should be reinforced with teaching, firmness, and reminders. Corporal punishment is one technique of discipline. It may be physical – a spank or slap; or psychological - disapproval, isolation from others, or withdrawal of privileges. The goal of punishment is to inhibit unacceptable behaviour. There is a significant group within society that supports the use of corporal punishment, though most supporters believe in its mild application. They believe that mild corporal punishment used sparingly within a nurturing environment teaches a child that one can press the patience of others past a point of reasonable endurance. The theory is that corporal punishment can serve to emphasise parental conviction, clear the air between parent and child, and relieve parental frustration when a child’s behaviour is especially exasperating. Supporters are careful to point out, however, that corporal punishment should not be used in instances when a child’s behaviour is beyond her control or truly accidental, such as spilling milk.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

The overwhelming majority nowadays oppose corporal punishment in any form. The view is that corporal punishment used as a method of discipline can result in undesirable and even damaging consequences. It is said that corporal punishment does not affect misbehaviour, and takes the responsibility for the misconduct away from the child. Child psychologist Anna Westin explains. “Children need to be accountable for their own behaviour in order to learn the inner control necessary to function as healthy, self-disciplined individuals. A child who is punished with spankings, shouts, and threats may learn how to avoid these punishments simply by not misbehaving in that particular way within sight of the person who punishes. There is no guarantee that the child’s behaviour will be changed over time or when he or she is away from the person who punishes him or her.” Another criticism of corporal punishment is that it may lead to a child viewing punishment as an endorsement of aggression, and learning only that a large person has power over a smaller one. Corporal punishment may also arouse feelings of resentment, counter-aggression, and deep humiliation and a child may develop unfeeling attitudes toward another person’s pain. Corporal punishment also increases the possibility of incidents of abuse, as it can be difficult for a parent to judge the severity of the punishment. It is helpful to keep in mind the goals people have for children. If the goal is to help children learn to control their impulses and become self-directed adults, they must be helped by expanding the discipline repertoire to include more than mild punishments that serve only as temporary stopgap measures. This, however, does not need to include corporal punishment. It can be done, for example, by accompanying a mild punishment with a verbal explanation stating specifically what the child did wrong and what she can do to correct the misbehaviour in the future. Explaining to the child so that he/she can understand why the misbehaviour is not allowed makes the child think about acceptable versus unacceptable behaviour and helps him or her learn to make decisions about his or her own behaviour. This should not be confused with trying to get the child to be “reasonable.” A child does not need to agree that parental rules are reasonable in order to abide by them. It is widely agreed that, ultimately, older children will do the right thing, not because they fear external reprisal, but because they have internalised a standard initially presented by parents and other care-takers. In learning to rely on their own resources rather than their parents, children gain self-confidence and a positive self-image. In conclusion, it is clear that corporal punishment can be an emotive issue. Many nations have now made it illegal and so parents do not really have a choice of whether to use it or not, unless they wish to break the law of their country. What is clear though is that discussion of this issue will always begin again as every new generation comes into the world.

Questions 27 – 33

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer of the text?
In boxes 27 - 33 on your answer sheet write:

• YES if the statement agrees with the writer’s views
• NO if the statement doesn’t agree with the writer’s views
• NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

1. Studies have proved the success of corporal punishment at making a child obedient.
2. Even young children have been known to fight back when corporal punishment is applied.
3. Parents should try and prevent their children from challenging an adult’s authority.
4. The words ‘discipline’ and ‘punishment’ are often confused by people.
5. Corporal punishment is not part of what discipline is meant to be.
6. The use of corporal punishment has been condemned by the United Nations.
7. Supporters of corporal punishment believe it can help parents feel better in some situations.

Questions 34 – 37

Complete the summary below.
Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD from the text for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 34 - 37 on your answer sheet.

Opposition to Corporal Punishment
Opponents of corporal punishment fear its (34) __________ and feel it removes children’s (35) __________ for their misbehaviour. It’s feared children’s behaviour might only change when they are observed. Children might also see corporal punishment as an (36) __________ of using force and create various negative feelings and effects. Children may also lose their feelings of empathy and they can become vulnerable to cruelty with adults getting the (37) __________ of the corporal punishment wrong.

Questions 38 – 40

Complete each sentence (38 - 40) with the correct ending (A - F) below.
Write the correct letter (A - F) in answer boxes 38 - 40 on your answer sheet.

1. Spoken justification to children for a punishment teaches them that
2. Children do not need to feel that
3. Children eventually learn that

A. some unnecessary rules can be ignored.
B. role models have displayed the proper behaviour.
C. they should consider the acceptability of their actions.
D. they will understand better when they grow up.
E. rules are fair in order to follow them.
F. they can learn better behaviour at home than at school.

• Corporal punishment
  Definition: Hình phạt thể xác, việc sử dụng sức mạnh thể chất để kiểm soát hoặc sửa chữa hành vi của trẻ.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "Corporal punishment is defined as the use of physical force towards a child for the purpose of control and/or correction."

• Contentious
  Definition: Gây tranh cãi, dễ dẫn đến mâu thuẫn.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "Corporal punishment is a contentious and much debated issue within society."

• Inductive reasoning
  Definition: Lý luận quy nạp, phương pháp suy luận từ các dữ liệu hoặc sự kiện cụ thể đến một kết luận chung.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "Research has shown that corporal punishment is effective in achieving immediate child compliance... but fails to teach a child self-control and inductive reasoning."

• Amenability
  Definition: Sự sẵn sàng chịu sự tác động, khả năng dễ bảo.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "Research has shown that corporal punishment is effective in achieving immediate child compliance."

• Misbehave
  Definition: Cư xử sai, có hành vi không đúng.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "Sometimes, children simply choose to misbehave in order to gain something, such as attention, an object, power or peer approval."

• Disciplinary penalty
  Definition: Hình phạt kỷ luật, biện pháp để xử lý hành vi sai trái.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "Corporal punishment is defined as the use of physical force towards a child for the purpose of control and/or correction, and as a disciplinary penalty inflicted on the body."

• Inducement
  Definition: Sự khuyến khích, sự cám dỗ.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: This word isn’t directly used in the passage, but "inductive reasoning" and "inducement" share similar meanings in terms of influencing behavior.

• Exasperating
  Definition: Làm bực mình, khó chịu.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "Corporal punishment can serve to emphasise parental conviction, clear the air between parent and child, and relieve parental frustration when a child’s behaviour is especially exasperating."

• Accountable
  Definition: Chịu trách nhiệm, phải giải trình hành động của mình.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "Children need to be accountable for their own behaviour in order to learn the inner control necessary to function as healthy, self-disciplined individuals."

• Counter-aggression
  Definition: Sự phản kháng, hành động phản ứng lại sự tấn công.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "Corporal punishment may also arouse feelings of resentment, counter-aggression, and deep humiliation."

• Self-discipline
  Definition: Sự tự giác, khả năng kiểm soát bản thân.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "A child who is punished with spankings, shouts, and threats may learn how to avoid these punishments simply by not misbehaving in that particular way within sight of the person who punishes."

• Impulsive
  Definition: Hấp tấp, không kiềm chế được cảm xúc, hành động bốc đồng.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "The goal of discipline is to help a child change impulsive, random behaviour into controlled, purposeful behaviour."

• Stopgap
  Definition: Biện pháp tạm thời, giải pháp thay thế tạm thời.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "This, however, does not need to include corporal punishment. It can be done, for example, by accompanying a mild punishment with a verbal explanation stating specifically what the child did wrong and what she can do to correct the misbehaviour in the future."

• Internalise
  Definition: Tiếp thu, ghi nhớ, đưa một khái niệm hoặc chuẩn mực vào bản thân.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "Ultimately, older children will do the right thing, not because they fear external reprisal, but because they have internalised a standard initially presented by parents."

• Reprisal
  Definition: Sự trả thù, sự đáp trả hành động tiêu cực.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "Ultimately, older children will do the right thing, not because they fear external reprisal, but because they have internalised a standard initially presented by parents."

• Emotive
  Definition: Cảm xúc, dễ gây cảm xúc mạnh.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "In conclusion, it is clear that corporal punishment can be an emotive issue."

• Repertoire
  Definition: Kho tàng, bộ sưu tập các kỹ năng hoặc phương pháp.
  IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "If the goal is to help children learn to control their impulses and become self-directed adults, they must be helped by expanding the discipline repertoire to include more than mild punishments."

1. yes
2. not given
3. no
4. yes>> IELTS TUTOR có hướng dẫn kĩ SỬA BÀI IELTS WRITING TASK 2 ĐỀ THI THẬT NGÀY 22/8/2020 của HS IELTS TUTOR đạt 6.5 Writing
5. no
6. not given
7. Yes
8. consequences
9. Responsibility
10. Endorsement
11. Severity
12. C
13. E
14. B