Bên cạnh PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI THẬT TASK 2 (dạng advantages & disadvantages) Some students work while studying. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend and give your opinion?NGÀY 04/8/2020 IELTS WRITING GENERAL MÁY TÍNH (kèm bài được sửa hs đi thi), IELTS TUTOR cũng cung cấp 🔥Fear of the Unknown​: Đề thi thật IELTS READING (IELTS Reading Recent Actual Test) - Làm bài online format computer-based, kèm giải thích từ vựng

Fear of the Unknown

A. American companies fear that innovation is the secret of success—and that they cannot innovate.

In the small Umagic office in midtown Manhattan, a team of 30 computer programmers is working on setting up websites that will allow subscribers to feed in details about themselves and their problems and to receive advice from ‘virtual’ versions of personalities regarded as experts in their fields: for example, a well-known dietician, a celebrity fitness trainer, and a psychologist well-known in the media for her work on parent-child relationships. Umagic Systems is a young firm, and it’s hard to predict how far they’ll go. In ten years’ time, consulting a computer about your diet problems might seem natural, or it might seem absurd. But the company and others like it are beginning to seriously worry large American firms, who see such half-crazy new and innovative ideas as a threat to their own future success.

B. Innovation has become a major concern of American management. Firms have found that it is increasingly difficult to redesign existing products or to produce them more economically. The stars of American business tend today to be innovators such as Amazon (the internet bookstore) and Wal-Mart (the supermarket chain), which have produced completely new ideas or products that have changed their industries.

C. Over the past 15 years, the firms which have achieved the greatest profits have been the ones which have had the most innovations. But such profits aren’t easy to come by. One of the reasons for the increasing number of mergers between companies is a desperate search for new ideas. And a fortune is spent nowadays on identifying and protecting intellectual property: other people’s ideas.

According to the Pasadena-based Patent & License Exchange in the United States, trading in intangible assets such as intellectual property rose from $15 billion in 1990 to $100 billion in 1998, with an increasing proportion of the rewards going to small firms and individuals.

D. And therein lies the terror for big companies: that innovation seems to work best outside them. Many of the large established companies have been struggling to come up with new products recently. "In the management of creativity, size is your enemy," argues Peter Chemin, who runs the Fox TV and film empire for News Corporation. "One person managing 20 movies is never going to be as involved as one doing five movies." He has thus tried to break down the studio into smaller units, even at the risk of incurring higher costs.

E. It is easier for ideas to develop outside big firms these days. In the past, if a clever scientist had an idea he wanted to commercialize, he would take it first to a big company. Now, with the banks encouraging individuals to set up new businesses by offering special loans, innovators are more likely to set up on their own. Umagic has already raised $5 million and is about to raise $25 million more. Even in capital-intensive businesses such as pharmaceuticals, entrepreneurs can conduct profitable, early-stage research, selling out to the big firms when they reach expensive, risky clinical trials.

F. Some giants, including General Electric and Cisco, have been remarkably successful at buying up and integrating scores of small companies. But many others worry about the prices they have to pay and the difficulty in keeping hold of the people who dreamt up the ideas. Everybody would like to develop more ideas in-house. Procter & Gamble is now changing the entire direction of its business from global expansion to product development; one of its new aims is to get innovations accepted across the company. Elsewhere, the search for innovation has led to a craze for 'intrapreneurship'—giving more power to individuals in the company and setting up internal ideas-factories so that talented staff will not leave.

G. And yet, innovation does not happen just because the chief executive wills it. Indeed, it is extremely difficult to come up with new ideas year in, year out, especially brilliant ones. Underneath all experts' diagrams, lists, and charts, most of the available answers seem to focus on two strengths that are difficult to impose: a culture that looks for new ideas and leaders who know which ones to back. Companies have to discredit the widespread view that jobs working on new products are for ‘those who can't cope in the real business.’ They have to change the culture by introducing hard incentives, such as giving more generous bonuses to those who come up with successful new ideas and, particularly, not punishing those whose experiments fail.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

H. Will all this reorganization and culture tweaking make big firms more creative? David Post, the founder of Umagic, isn't so sure. He also recalls with glee the looks of total incomprehension when he tried to sell his 'virtual experts' idea three years ago to firms such as IBM, though, as he cheerfully adds, "of course, they could have been right." Apparently, innovation—unlike diet, fitness, and parenting—is one area where a computer cannot tell you what to do.

Questions 1-7

Reading Passage has eight paragraphs A-H.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

1. The methods some companies use to try to keep their most creative employees

2. A new way of getting help with your personal difficulties

3. How much investment goes into safeguarding the ideas of individuals

4. Two examples of companies which have succeeded through being innovative

5. How some innovators manage to avoid spending large sums of money on testing out their ideas

6. The reasons why innovation is easier in smaller companies

7. An example of the response of established companies to the challenge of innovation

Questions 8-10

Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

1. According to Peter Chemin, size is an obstacle to _____________.

2. Large companies must introduce _____________ to promote innovation in their workforce.

3. In the past, innovators would approach _____________ to turn their ideas into reality.

Questions 11-13

Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage.

1. Which business practice has been increasingly popular as a way to find new ideas?

2. What kind of loans are banks providing to support individuals starting businesses?

3. What kind of research can small entrepreneurs in the pharmaceutical industry afford to conduct?

1. Innovation (n)

• Vietnamese: Sự đổi mới, sáng tạo

• Explanation: The process of creating new ideas, methods, or products.

• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Innovation has become a major concern of American management."
  (Sự đổi mới đã trở thành mối quan tâm lớn của các nhà quản lý Mỹ.)

2. Virtual (adj)

• Vietnamese: Ảo, không có thật

• Explanation: Something that exists in a computer or online environment but not in the physical world.

• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Subscribers can receive advice from ‘virtual’ versions of personalities regarded as experts."
  (Người đăng ký có thể nhận lời khuyên từ các phiên bản "ảo" của những người được coi là chuyên gia.)

3. Absurd (adj)

• Vietnamese: Vô lý, ngớ ngẩn

• Explanation: Something that is wildly unreasonable or illogical.

• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "In ten years’ time, consulting a computer about your diet problems might seem natural or it might seem absurd."
  (Trong mười năm tới, việc tham khảo ý kiến máy tính về vấn đề ăn kiêng có thể trở nên tự nhiên hoặc có vẻ vô lý.)

4. Merger (n)

• Vietnamese: Sự hợp nhất, sáp nhập

• Explanation: The combining of two or more companies into one.

• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "One of the reasons for the increasing number of mergers between companies is a desperate search for new ideas."
  (Một trong những lý do cho sự gia tăng hợp nhất giữa các công ty là sự tìm kiếm tuyệt vọng những ý tưởng mới.)

5. Intangible assets (n)

• Vietnamese: Tài sản vô hình

• Explanation: Valuable things that do not have a physical form, such as intellectual property or brand reputation.

• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Trading in intangible assets such as intellectual property rose from...
  (Giao dịch tài sản vô hình như sở hữu trí tuệ đã tăng từ 15 tỷ đô la năm 1990 lên 100 tỷ đô la năm 1998.)

6. Entrepreneur (n)

• Vietnamese: Doanh nhân, người khởi nghiệp

• Explanation: A person who starts and runs a business, often taking financial risks.

• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Entrepreneurs can conduct profitable, early-stage research, selling out to the big firms when they reach expensive, risky clinical trials."
  (Các doanh nhân có thể thực hiện nghiên cứu giai đoạn đầu có lợi nhuận và bán lại cho các công ty lớn khi họ đạt đến các thử nghiệm lâm sàng đắt đỏ và rủi ro.)

7. Intrapreneurship (n)

• Vietnamese: Tinh thần khởi nghiệp nội bộ

• Explanation: Encouraging employees within a company to act like entrepreneurs and develop new ideas.

• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "The search for innovation has led to a craze for 'intrapreneurship’ - giving more power to individuals in the company."
  (Việc tìm kiếm sự đổi mới đã dẫn đến cơn sốt về 'tinh thần khởi nghiệp nội bộ' - trao thêm quyền lực cho các cá nhân trong công ty.)

8. Incentive (n)

• Vietnamese: Động lực, khuyến khích

• Explanation: Something that motivates or encourages someone to do something.

• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "They have to change the culture by introducing hard incentives, such as giving more generous bonuses to those who come up with successful new ideas."
  (Họ phải thay đổi văn hóa bằng cách đưa ra các động lực mạnh mẽ, chẳng hạn như tăng thưởng hào phóng cho những người đưa ra ý tưởng mới thành công.)

9. Tweak (v)

• Vietnamese: Điều chỉnh, chỉnh sửa nhỏ

• Explanation: To make small changes to improve something.

• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Will all this reorganization and culture tweaking make big firms more creative?"
  (Liệu tất cả sự tổ chức lại và điều chỉnh văn hóa này có làm cho các công ty lớn sáng tạo hơn không?)

10. Glee (n)

• Vietnamese: Niềm vui sướng, hả hê

• Explanation: A feeling of great happiness or joy, often with a sense of satisfaction.

• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "David Post recalls with glee the looks of total incomprehension when he tried to sell his 'virtual experts' idea three years ago."
  (David Post nhớ lại với niềm vui sướng những ánh nhìn hoàn toàn không hiểu khi ông cố bán ý tưởng 'chuyên gia ảo' của mình ba năm trước.)

11. Incomprehension (n)

• Vietnamese: Sự không hiểu, sự khó hiểu

• Explanation: The inability to understand something.

• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "He recalls with glee the looks of total incomprehension when he tried to sell his 'virtual experts' idea."
  (Ông nhớ lại với niềm vui sướng những ánh nhìn hoàn toàn không hiểu khi ông cố bán ý tưởng 'chuyên gia ảo' của mình.)

Questions 1-7

1. F
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. E
6. G
7. F

Questions 8-10
8. TRUE
9. NOT GIVEN
10. FALSE

Questions 11-13
11. TRUE
12. C
13. A

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