🔥Jewels from the Sea: Đề thi thật IELTS READING (IELTS Reading Recent Actual Test) - Làm bài online format computer-based, kèm giải thích từ vựng

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on pages 2 and 3.

Jewels from the Sea
Indigenous necklaces in Tasmania

Necklace-making is the most significant cultural tradition of Tasmanian Aboriginal women. It is also one of the few traditions that have continued without interruption since before the Europeans settled in Tasmania in 1803. Whereas colonisation disrupted or destroyed many Aboriginal traditions, necklace-making has not only continued but also evolved in various ways.

The knowledge and skills of shell processing and stringing have been passed down through generations of women, particularly the women of the Furneaux Islands, off Tasmania's north-east coast. Necklace-making is an opportunity for women of all ages to get together and share stories, pass knowledge to younger generations, and continue to affirm their culture. Aunty Dulcie Greeno, an elder of the Tasmanian Aboriginal community, has been making necklaces for more than 40 years but first began practising as a child. "My grandmother used to do shell necklaces, and a couple of my aunties did too," she said in an interview for Australian Museums and Galleries Online. "We'd go round with them on the beach and collect shells with them." Now her sister (Corrie Fullard), daughter (Betty Grace), daughter-in-law (Lola Greeno), and niece (Garriette James)—all celebrated artists in their own right—make necklaces.

Shell necklaces were originally made as gifts and tokens of honour and as objects to be exchanged with other groups for tools or for ochre, which could be used in important ceremonies. Archaeologist Rhys Jones found shells that had been pierced for a necklace dating back at least 2,000 years. After European colonisation, necklaces were also sold or exchanged for food, clothing, and other essential supplies. Now, the artists are often commissioned to create necklaces for museums, galleries, and private collectors.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

Early European explorers remarked on the beauty of these treasures and held them in high esteem. The French naturalist Jacques Labillardière, travelling with the d'Entrecasteaux expedition of 1791-94, observed women wearing "strings of brilliant pearly blue spiral shells upon their bare heads." 18th- and 19th-century images show Tasmanian Aboriginal people wearing necklaces, including a photograph taken around 1866 of the leader and spokeswoman Truganini.

Shell-stringing was, and remains, a painstaking process, requiring knowledge of coastal resources and a great deal of patience. Aunty Dulcie's daughter Patsy Cameron has explained how the women pierced each shell with a tool consisting of a jawbone and sharpened tooth of a kangaroo or wallaby. The shells were then threaded on string made from natural fibres, smoked over a fire, and rubbed in grass to remove their outer coating and reveal the pearly surface. The shells were later treated with penguin or muttonbird oil.

European colonisation introduced new tools and materials, including acidic liquids such as vinegar to clean the shells and steel punches to make holes in them. Needles and cotton or synthetic thread enabled the women to incorporate smaller shells into increasingly intricate designs. Necklace-making is dependent on the availability of shells, and shell collection has its season. Aunty Dulcie regularly returns to the Furneaux Islands to replenish her supplies. "We still walk for miles on the beach," she said. "We take our lunch and crawl along on our hands and knees to get the shells. Men often help women collect the shells, especially the maireeners (rainbow shells), which are found on kelp, a type of seaweed. These shells are best when picked directly from the sea. 'We don't use the ones we pick up on the beach because they are too brittle, and they lose their colour,' said Aunty Dulcie."

After colonisation, women started making longer necklaces. In 1835, Benjamin Duterrau sketched Tanleboneyer, 'a native of the district of Oyster Bay, and Bruny Island man Woorraddy, Truganini's husband, with long strands looped around their necks. Wortabowigee, a woman from Port Dalrymple, who is featured in an 1837 portrait by Thomas Bock, wears five loops of what must have been a necklace of astonishing beauty. It is possible that the new European tools adopted by the women enabled them to make longer necklaces, but it also indicates the changing circumstances of Tasmanian Aboriginal people. Historian Brian Plomley points out that long necklaces would have been impractical for women accustomed to a traditional lifestyle of diving for crabs, crayfish, and abalone, digging for root vegetables, hunting seals, or climbing trees to catch possums. Men tracking kangaroo, wallaby, and emu through the bush would not have risked getting snagged by long necklaces—or risked damaging the valuable necklaces themselves.

The change in necklaces after colonisation also points to the Tasmanians' courageous assertion of their identity and a continuation of their culture at a time when their world was being taken apart. The connection of shell necklaces with the distinct culture and story of the Tasmanian Aboriginal people and with the Tasmanian natural environment means they have iconic status in the wider Tasmanian community. In 2009, they were listed as a Tasmanian Heritage Icon by the National Trust of Australia. The cultural and aesthetic value of the necklaces is also demonstrated by their inclusion in many national and international museum, gallery, and private collections.

Questions 1-6

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write:

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.
• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.
• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.

1. After European settlement, Tasmanian Aboriginals stopped making necklaces for a short time.
2. Aboriginal women on the Furneaux Islands made the most beautiful necklaces.
3. An 1866 photograph of the leader Truganini shows her wearing a necklace she had made herself.
4. Men assist in gathering shells growing on sea plants.
5. Tasmanian Aboriginal men wore long necklaces when hunting.
6. Tasmanian Aboriginal necklaces are appreciated outside Australia.

Questions 7-13

Complete the notes below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.

The process of shell-stringing

Shell-stringers must have patience and an understanding of resources available near the sea.

The traditional procedure:

• Hole put in shell with an instrument made of animal's bone and 7. _________
• Shells strung on natural fibre and smoked
• Shells wiped with 8. _________ to achieve a pearly surface
• Animal 9. _________ applied

Changes after the Europeans arrived:

• Cleaning substances like 10. _________ were used
• More complex designs achieved using needles as a tool

Furneaux Islands:

• Shells need to be gathered in the right 11. _________
• Shell collectors walk along the beach, then 12. _________ in order to pick up shells
• Shells from beach not suitable as they do not keep their 13. _________ and break easily

1. Indigenous

• Meaning: Native to a particular place or region.
• Vietnamese: Bản địa.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Indigenous necklaces in Tasmania.
• Explanation: Vòng cổ bản địa ở Tasmania.

2. Colonisation

• Meaning: The act of establishing control over another area or group of people.
• Vietnamese: Sự thuộc địa hóa.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Whereas colonisation disrupted or destroyed many Aboriginal traditions...
• Explanation: Việc thuộc địa hóa đã làm gián đoạn hoặc phá hủy nhiều truyền thống của người thổ dân.

3. Disrupted

• Meaning: Interrupted or thrown into disorder.
• Vietnamese: Bị gián đoạn.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Whereas colonisation disrupted or destroyed many Aboriginal traditions...
• Explanation: Việc thuộc địa hóa đã làm gián đoạn hoặc phá hủy nhiều truyền thống của người thổ dân.

4. Affirm

• Meaning: To confirm or state as true.
• Vietnamese: Khẳng định.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: ...and continue to affirm their culture.
• Explanation: Và tiếp tục khẳng định văn hóa của họ.

5. Pierced

• Meaning: Made a hole through something.
• Vietnamese: Đâm xuyên qua.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Archaeologist Rhys Jones found shells that had been pierced for a necklace...
• Explanation: Nhà khảo cổ học Rhys Jones đã tìm thấy những chiếc vỏ đã bị xuyên lỗ để làm vòng cổ.

6. Expedition

• Meaning: A journey undertaken for a specific purpose, often exploration.
• Vietnamese: Cuộc thám hiểm.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: The French naturalist Jacques Labillardiere, travelling with the d'Entrecasteaux expedition of 1791-94...
• Explanation: Nhà tự nhiên học người Pháp Jacques Labillardiere đã du hành cùng đoàn thám hiểm d'Entrecasteaux vào các năm 1791-94.

7. Spiral

• Meaning: Winding in a continuous curve around a central point.
• Vietnamese: Dạng xoắn ốc.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: ...strings of brilliant pearly blue spiral shells upon their bare heads.
• Explanation: Những chuỗi vỏ xoắn ốc màu xanh ngọc trai sáng trên đầu trần của họ.

8. Painstaking

• Meaning: Taking great care and effort.
• Vietnamese: Cần cù, cẩn thận.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Shell-stringing was, and remains, a painstaking process...
• Explanation: Việc xâu vỏ là một quá trình cần cù và cẩn thận.

9. Fibres

• Meaning: Thin, thread-like structures.
• Vietnamese: Sợi.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: The shells were then threaded on string made from natural fibres...
• Explanation: Những chiếc vỏ sau đó được xâu bằng dây làm từ sợi tự nhiên.

10. Coating

• Meaning: A layer of material that covers something.
• Vietnamese: Lớp phủ.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: ...and rubbed in grass to remove their outer coating and reveal the pearly surface.
• Explanation: Và chà bằng cỏ để loại bỏ lớp phủ ngoài và làm lộ ra bề mặt ngọc trai.

11. Replenish

• Meaning: To refill or restore to its original level.
• Vietnamese: Bổ sung, làm đầy lại.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Aunty Dulcie regularly returns to the Furneaux Islands to replenish her supplies.
• Explanation: Dì Dulcie thường xuyên quay lại quần đảo Furneaux để bổ sung nguồn cung của mình.

12. Brittle

• Meaning: Easily broken or cracked.
• Vietnamese: Giòn, dễ vỡ.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: We don't use the ones we pick up on the beach because they are too brittle...
• Explanation: Chúng tôi không sử dụng những cái nhặt trên bãi biển vì chúng quá giòn.

13. Distinct

• Meaning: Clearly different or separate.
• Vietnamese: Khác biệt, riêng biệt.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: The connection of shell necklaces with the distinct culture...
• Explanation: Sự kết nối của những chiếc vòng cổ vỏ với nền văn hóa đặc biệt.

14. Iconic

• Meaning: Widely recognized and admired.
• Vietnamese: Mang tính biểu tượng.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: ...means they have iconic status in the wider Tasmanian community.
• Explanation: Có nghĩa là chúng mang tính biểu tượng trong cộng đồng Tasmania rộng lớn hơn.

• C
• D
• A
• B
• C
• no
• no
• yes
• ng
• no
• f
• c
• a
• e