🔥Keeping the water away Answers with location - Đề thi thật IELTS READING- Làm bài online format computer-based, kèm đáp án, dịch & giải thích từ vựng - cấu trúc ngữ pháp khó (Thi ngày 03/03/2024)

· Đề thi thật IELTS Reading

I. Kiến thức liên quan

II. Làm bài online

III. Keeping the water away (Đề thi IELTS READING 03/03/2024)

Keeping the water away

A.Recently, winter floods on the rivers of central Europe have been among the worst for 600 to 700 years, and dams and dykes (protective sea walls) have failed to solve the problem. Traditionally, river engineers have tried to get rid of the water quickly, draining it off the land and down to the sea in rivers re­engineered as high-performance drains. But however high they build the artificial riverbanks, the floods keep coming back. And when they come, they seem to be worse than ever

B.Engineers are now turning to a different plan: to sap the water’s destructive strength by dispersing it into fields; forgotten lakes and floods plains. They are reviving river bends and marshes to curb the flow, and even plugging city drains to encourage floodwater to use other means to go underground. Back in the days when rivers took a winding path to the sea, floodwaters lost force and volume while meandering across flood plains and inland deltas, but today the water tends to have a direct passage to the sea. This means that, when it rains in the uplands, the water comes down all at once. >> IELTS TUTOR lưu ý: Bài sửa đề thi 22/8"Many companies nowadays sponsor sport as a way of advertising themselves. Some people think that it is good for the world of sport. Others say there are disadvantages. Discuss both view and give opinion"HS đi thi đạt 7.0 IELTS WRITING

C.Worse, when the flood plains are closed off, the river's flow downstream becomes more violent and uncontrollable; by turning complex river systems into the simple mechanics of a water pipe, engineers have often created danger where they promised safety. The Rhine, Europe’s most engineered river; is a good example. For a long time engineers have erased its backwaters and cut it off from its plain. The aim was partly to improve navigation, and partly to speed floodwaters out of Alps and down to the North Sea. Now, when it rains in the Alps, the peak flows from several branches of the Rhine coincide where once they arrived separately, and with four-fifths of the Lower Rhine's flood plain barricaded off, the waters rise. The result is more frequent flooding and greater damage. The same thing has happened in the US on the Mississippi river, which drains the world’s second largest river catchment into the Gulf of Mexico. Despite some $7 billion spent over the last century on levees (embankments) the situation is growing worse.

D.Specialists in water control now say that a new approach is needed - one which takes the whole landscape into consideration. To help keep London's feet dry, the UK Environment Agency is reflooding 10 square kilometres of the ancient flood plain of the River Thames outside Oxford. Nearer to London, it has spent £100 million creating new wetlands and a relief channel across 16 kilometres of flood plain. Similar ideas ate being tested in Austria, in one of Europe's largest river restorations to date. The engineers calculate that the restored flood plain of the Drava River can now store up to 10 million cubic metres of floodwater, and slow down storm surges coming out of the Alps by more than an hour, protecting towns not only in Austria, but as far downstream as Slovenia and Croatia. >> IELTS TUTOR lưu ý: Phân tích"Cyclists and car drivers today share the same road, and this can cause some problems. What are the problems? What can be done to reduce these problems?"(kèm bài được sửa của HS đạt 6.0 đi thi thật ngày 13/6/2020)

E.The Dutch, for whom preventing floods is a matter of survival, have gone furthest. This nation, built largely on drained marshes and seabed, has had several severe shocks in the last two decades, when very large numbers of people have had to be evacuated. Since that time, the Dutch have broken one of their most enduring national stereotypes by allowing engineers to punch holes in dykes. They plan to return up to a sixth of the country to its former waterlogged state in order to better protect the rest.

F.Water use in cities also needs to change. At the moment, cities seem to create floods; they are concreted and paved so that rains flow quickly into rivers. A new breed of ‘soft engineers’ wants cities to porous, Berlin is one place where this is being done. Tough new rules for new developments mean that drains will be prevented from becoming overloaded after heavy rains. Architects of new urban buildings are diverting rainwater from the roofs for use in toilets and the irrigation of roof gardens, while water falling onto the ground is collected in ponds, or passes underground through porous paving. One high-tech urban development can store a sixth of its annual rainfall, and reuse most of the rest

G.Could this be expanded to protect a whole city? The test case could Los Angeles. With non-porous surfaces covering 70% of the city, drainage is a huge challenge. Billions of dollars have been spent digging huge drains and concreting riverbeds, but many communities still flood regularly. Meanwhile this desert city ships water from hundreds of kilometres away to fill its taps and swimming pool. Los Angeles has recently launched a new scheme to utilise floodwater in the Sun Valley section of the city. The plan is to catch the rain that falls on thousands of driveways, parking lots and rooftops in the valley. Trees will soak up water from parking lots; houses and public buildings will capture roof water to irrigate gardens and parks, and road drains will empty into old gravel pits to recharge the city's underground water reserves. Result: less flooding and more water for the city. It may sound expensive, until we realise how much is spent trying to drain cities and protect areas from flooding, and bow little this method achieves. >> IELTS TUTOR lưu ý: Phân tích và sửa chi tiết đề thi IELTS SPEAKING 4/8 [Audio+Transcript]

Questions 1-6

Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G,

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter. A-G, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet

1 how legislation has forced building designers to improve water use

2 two reasons why one river was isolated from its food plain

3 how natural water courses in the past assisted flood control

4 an example of flood control on one river, affecting three countries

5 a country which has partly destroyed one of its most typical features in order to control water

6 the writer's comment on the comparative cost effectiveness of traditional flood control and newer methods >> IELTS TUTOR lưu ý: PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI TASK 1 VIẾT THƯ NGÀY 05/7/2020"you are going to take a holiday and your friend agrees to stay at your house. Write a letter to him for"IELTS WRITING GENERAL MÁY TÍNH (kèm bài được sửa HS đạt 6.0 đi thi thật)

Questions 7-8

Choose TWO letters A-E.

Write the correct letter, in boxes 7-8 on your answer sheet

According to the article, which TWO of these statements are true of the new approach to flood control?

A It aims to slow the movement of water to the sea.

B It aims to channel water more directly into rivers.

C It will cost more than twice as much as former measures.

D It will involve the loss of some areas of land.

E It has been tested only in The Netherlands.

Questions 9-13

Complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN MO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.

9. Some of the most severe floods for many centuries have recently occurred in parts of 9

10. The Rhine and the 10 rivers have experienced similar problems with water control

11. An area near Oxford will flooded to protect the city of 11

12. Planners who wish to allow water to pass more freely through city surfaces are called 12

13.A proposal for part of the city of 13 could show whether small-scale water projects could apply on a large scale.

IV. Giải thích từ vựng

Keeping the water away Answers with location - Đề thi thật IELTS READING
Keeping the water away Answers with location - Đề thi thật IELTS READING
Keeping the water away Answers with location - Đề thi thật IELTS READING
Keeping the water away Answers with location - Đề thi thật IELTS READING

Keeping the water away

A. Recently, winter floods on the rivers of central Europe have been among the worst for 600 to 700 years, and dams and dykes (protective sea walls) have failed to solve the problem. Traditionally, river engineers have tried to get rid of the water quickly, draining it off the land and down to the sea in rivers re-engineered as high-performance drains. But however high they build the artificial riverbanks, the floods keep coming back. And when they come, they seem to be worse than ever.

  • Dams: Đập nước.
  • Dykes: Đê, tường chắn nước.
  • Draining: Thoát nước.
  • Re-engineered: Được thiết kế lại.

B. Engineers are now turning to a different plan: to sap the water’s destructive strength by dispersing it into fields, forgotten lakes, and flood plains. They are reviving river bends and marshes to curb the flow, and even plugging city drains to encourage floodwater to use other means to go underground. Back in the days when rivers took a winding path to the sea, floodwaters lost force and volume while meandering across flood plains and inland deltas, but today the water tends to have a direct passage to the sea. This means that, when it rains in the uplands, the water comes down all at once.

  • Sap: Làm suy yếu.
  • Dispersing: Phân tán.
  • Reviving: Phục hồi.
  • Curb: Hạn chế.
  • Plugging: Bịt lại.
  • Meandering: Quanh co, uốn lượn.

C. Worse, when the flood plains are closed off, the river's flow downstream becomes more violent and uncontrollable; by turning complex river systems into the simple mechanics of a water pipe, engineers have often created danger where they promised safety. The Rhine, Europe’s most engineered river, is a good example. For a long time engineers have erased its backwaters and cut it off from its plain. The aim was partly to improve navigation, and partly to speed floodwaters out of the Alps and down to the North Sea. Now, when it rains in the Alps, the peak flows from several branches of the Rhine coincide where once they arrived separately, and with four-fifths of the Lower Rhine's flood plain barricaded off, the waters rise. The result is more frequent flooding and greater damage. The same thing has happened in the US on the Mississippi River, which drains the world’s second-largest river catchment into the Gulf of Mexico. Despite some $7 billion spent over the last century on levees (embankments), the situation is growing worse.

  • Uncontrollable: Không kiểm soát được.
  • Navigation: Sự điều hướng, giao thông đường thủy.
  • Barricaded: Bị chắn, bị phong tỏa.
  • Catchment: Lưu vực.
  • Levees: Bờ bao, đê bao.

D. Specialists in water control now say that a new approach is needed—one which takes the whole landscape into consideration. To help keep London's feet dry, the UK Environment Agency is reflooding 10 square kilometres of the ancient flood plain of the River Thames outside Oxford. Nearer to London, it has spent £100 million creating new wetlands and a relief channel across 16 kilometres of flood plain. Similar ideas are being tested in Austria, in one of Europe's largest river restorations to date. The engineers calculate that the restored flood plain of the Drava River can now store up to 10 million cubic metres of floodwater and slow down storm surges coming out of the Alps by more than an hour, protecting towns not only in Austria but as far downstream as Slovenia and Croatia.

E. The Dutch, for whom preventing floods is a matter of survival, have gone furthest. This nation, built largely on drained marshes and seabed, has had several severe shocks in the last two decades, when very large numbers of people have had to be evacuated. Since that time, the Dutch have broken one of their most enduring national stereotypes by allowing engineers to punch holes in dykes. They plan to return up to a sixth of the country to its former waterlogged state in order to better protect the rest.

  • Seabed: Đáy biển.
  • Evacuated: Sơ tán.
  • Stereotypes: Định kiến, khuôn mẫu.
  • Waterlogged: Bị ngập nước.

F. Water use in cities also needs to change. At the moment, cities seem to create floods; they are concreted and paved so that rains flow quickly into rivers. A new breed of soft engineers wants cities to be porous. Berlin is one place where this is being done. Tough new rules for new developments mean that drains will be prevented from becoming overloaded after heavy rains. Architects of new urban buildings are diverting rainwater from the roofs for use in toilets and the irrigation of roof gardens, while water falling onto the ground is collected in ponds or passes underground through porous paving. One high-tech urban development can store a sixth of its annual rainfall and reuse most of the rest.

  • Soft engineers: Các kỹ sư sử dụng phương pháp mềm.
  • Porous: Thấm nước, xốp.
  • Overloaded: Quá tải.
  • Diverting: Chuyển hướng.
  • Irrigation: Sự tưới tiêu.
  • Porous paving: Lát đường thấm nước.

G. Could this be expanded to protect a whole city? The test case could be Los Angeles. With non-porous surfaces covering 70% of the city, drainage is a huge challenge. Billions of dollars have been spent digging huge drains and concreting riverbeds, but many communities still flood regularly. Meanwhile, this desert city ships water from hundreds of kilometres away to fill its taps and swimming pools. Los Angeles has recently launched a new scheme to utilise floodwater in the Sun Valley section of the city. The plan is to catch the rain that falls on thousands of driveways, parking lots and rooftops in the valley. Trees will soak up water from parking lots; houses and public buildings will capture roof water to irrigate gardens and parks, and road drains will empty into old gravel pits to recharge the city's underground water reserves. Result: less flooding and more water for the city. It may sound expensive, until we realise how much is spent trying to drain cities and protect areas from flooding, and how little this method achieves.

  • Non-porous: Không thấm nước.
  • Utilise: Sử dụng.
  • Soak up: Hấp thụ.
  • Recharge: Nạp lại.

V. Dịch bài đọc

Ngăn Nước Lũ

A.

Gần đây, những trận lụt mùa đông (floodsdeluge, inundation, overflow) trên các con sông ở trung tâm châu Âu đã trở nên nghiêm trọng nhất trong vòng 600-700 năm qua, và các đập ngăn nước (damsbarrier, embankment, levee) và đê biển (dykesembankment, levee, seawall) đã không thể giải quyết vấn đề. Theo truyền thống, các kỹ sư thủy lợi (river engineershydrologist, water specialist, flood control expert) cố gắng loại bỏ nước nhanh chóng, xả nước ra khỏi đất liền và dẫn xuống biển qua các con sông được tái thiết kế như những hệ thống thoát nước hiệu suất cao (high-performance drainsefficient drainage system, advanced water channels, optimized waterways). Tuy nhiên, dù họ có xây đê nhân tạo cao đến đâu, nước lũ vẫn quay trở lại. Và khi lũ về, dường như chúng còn tồi tệ hơn trước.

B.

Các kỹ sư hiện đang chuyển sang một kế hoạch khác: làm suy yếu sức phá hủy của nước bằng cách phân tán nó vào các cánh đồng (fieldsmeadows, farmlands, pastures), hồ bị lãng quên (forgotten lakesneglected reservoirs, abandoned ponds, unused basins), và các đồng bằng ngập lụt (flood plainsflooded lowlands, marshy lands, overflow areas). Họ đang khôi phục (revivingrestoring, regenerating, renewing) những khúc quanh của sông (river bendsmeandering streams, winding waterways, curved river sections) và các đầm lầy (marsheswetlands, swamps, bogs) để kiềm chế (curbcontrol, restrain, mitigate) dòng chảy, thậm chí bịt lối thoát nước trong thành phố (plugging city drainsblocking urban sewers, sealing drainage systems, stopping water outflow) để khuyến khích nước lũ ngấm vào lòng đất (go undergroundseep into the soil, percolate, infiltrate).

C.

Tệ hơn, khi các đồng bằng ngập lụt bị đóng kín, dòng chảy của sông xuống hạ lưu trở nên mạnh mẽ và khó kiểm soát hơn; bằng cách biến những hệ thống sông phức tạp thành hệ thống cơ học đơn giản của một đường ống dẫn nước (simple mechanics of a water pipebasic hydraulic system, linear drainage, pipeline-like flow), các kỹ sư đã vô tình tạo ra nguy hiểm thay vì an toàn. Sông Rhine, con sông được thiết kế lại (engineeredmodified, reconstructed, regulated) nhiều nhất châu Âu, là một ví dụ điển hình.

D.

Các chuyên gia kiểm soát nước (specialists in water controlhydrologists, flood management experts, water regulation professionals) hiện nay nói rằng cần một phương pháp tiếp cận mới (new approachinnovative method, alternative strategy, novel technique) – một phương pháp xem xét toàn bộ cảnh quan. Để giúp giữ cho London khô ráo (keep London's feet dryprevent flooding in London, keep London flood-free, protect London from water damage), Cơ quan Môi trường Anh đang tái ngập lụt (refloodingre-submerging, re-inundating, restoring flood levels) 10 km² đồng bằng ngập lụt cổ xưa của sông Thames.

E.

Người Hà Lan, với việc ngăn chặn lũ lụt (preventing floodsflood prevention, flood mitigation, flood control) là một vấn đề sống còn, đã đi xa nhất trong việc ứng phó. Quốc gia này, chủ yếu được xây dựng trên các đầm lầy và đáy biển đã được thoát nước (draineddried, dewatered, reclaimed), đã có nhiều cú sốc nghiêm trọng (severe shocksdrastic surprises, critical impacts, harsh consequences) trong hai thập kỷ qua, khi một số lượng lớn người dân buộc phải sơ tán.

F.

Việc sử dụng nước trong thành phố (water use in citiesurban water consumption, municipal water management, metropolitan water systems) cũng cần phải thay đổi. Hiện tại, các thành phố dường như tạo ra lũ lụt (create floodscause inundation, generate water overflow, increase flood risk); chúng được đổ bê tông và lát đá (concreted and pavedcemented, surfaced, asphalted), khiến nước mưa chảy nhanh vào các con sông.

G.

Điều này có thể được mở rộng để bảo vệ cả một thành phố (protect a whole citysafeguard an entire metropolis, secure a complete urban area, shield a total cityscape) không? Trường hợp thử nghiệm có thể là Los Angeles. Với bề mặt không thấm nước (non-porous surfacesimpermeable grounds, water-resistant pavements, sealed terrains) bao phủ 70% thành phố, hệ thống thoát nước là một thách thức lớn.

VI. Giải thích cấu trúc ngữ pháp khó

Keeping the water away Answers with location - Đề thi thật IELTS READING
Keeping the water away Answers with location - Đề thi thật IELTS READING
Keeping the water away Answers with location - Đề thi thật IELTS READING

VII. Đáp án

Đáp án:

1. F   8. D
2. C   9. Europe
3. B   10. Mississippi
4. D   11. London
5. E   12. Soft engineers
6. G     13. Los Angeles
7. A
🔥Keeping the water away Answers with location - Đề thi thật IELTS READING- Làm bài online format computer-based, kèm đáp án, dịch & giải thích từ vựng - cấu trúc ngữ pháp khó (Thi ngày 03/03/2024)
🔥Keeping the water away Answers with location - Đề thi thật IELTS READING- Làm bài online format computer-based, kèm đáp án, dịch & giải thích từ vựng - cấu trúc ngữ pháp khó (Thi ngày 03/03/2024)
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