READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on pages 6 and 7.

Preserving Antarctic History
Protecting early buildings in Antarctica

A. Few people coming up to the most comfortable dwelling place imaginable are likely to picture wooden huts on an island off the coldest continent on Earth. But that's where the Antarctic explorer Robert Falcon Scott described the hut at Cape Evans on Ross Island that he used for his 1910–13 expedition. The hut is nestled below the cliffs on a flat, long stretch of sand. In 2011, a bottle of MacKinlay’s whisky, the only one, was to be seen in front of the newly restored structure and sun reflects off the cliffs of the nearby glacier.

B. The New Zealand Antarctic Heritage Trust (NZHAT) and its accompanying workers recently announced the completion of 10 years of intensive work to save the historic buildings on Ross Island as well as the hut at Cape Evans, the hut at Cape Royds on Discovery Hut from Scott’s 1901–04 expedition at Hut Point, and the hut at Cape Royds, built for Ernest Shackleton’s 1907–09 expedition. When work began, many of the artefacts were temporarily removed while carpenters from the team of conservation workers repaired walls, floors and roof. In Scott’s ‘command hut’ was the table where team member Edward Wilson had once incubated his moulds and parasites. Of particular interest is the small wooden racks of sample tubes, sample jars and Bunsen burners standing on the biologist Edward Nelson, by its shape through a dusty window. This was where the young scientist preserved Antarctic specimens as part of his search for new species and an understanding of the Antarctic food chain.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

C. The NZHAT executive director Nigel Watson describes the three restored huts as fantastic remnants of humans’ first contact with the continent. The idea for the birth of the conservation project, he says, was the fact that we were in great danger of losing them. ‘When the site work began in 2004, snow and ice were building up around, under and sometimes inside the huts, damaging the structures and threatening their contents. Now we have three buildings that are structurally sound and watertight with a very different feel – they are drier and lighter and the humidity is reduced. It’s a much better environment for the collection.’

D. As well as heritage carpenters, the NZHAT team on Ross Island has included experts in textile, paper and metal conservation: in total, 62 experts from 11 countries have visited Antarctica to work on the project, often spending a whole summer on-site, sleeping in tents around 25km back to Scott Base for the occasional shower. The team is now known as the most exciting conservation project in the world,’ says Watson. ‘So it attracted top heritage conservation talent.’ Some of the most exciting discoveries were the intact cases of MacKinlay’s Rare Old Highland Malt Whisky found encased in ice beneath Shackleton’s hut, a paper notebook that belonged to surgeon, zoologist and photographer George Murray Levick found buried in dirt at Cape Evans and a small box of 22 cellulose nitrate negatives waiting to be developed into photographs found in Herbert Ponting’s darkroom. But most of the 18,202 items catalogued and conserved are more mundane: food, tools, clothing and other personal items that the crews found no purpose to take home on the return voyages.

E. The NZHAT team’s conservation treatments involved thorough cleaning, followed by meticulous treatment to help slow or, even reverse, the deterioration. Metal items would go through a chemical process, followed by a chemical stabilization treatment, then repackaged and preserved in airtight containers for future conservation. Treatment of paper items often involved washing to remove harmful acids and to repair the fractured parts so that in some cases the paper was even stronger than before.

F. As a result of the project, the NZHAT has become the world leader in cold-climate heritage conservation and its members have been interviewed for numerous television documentaries and radio reports. ‘The Ross Island huts are the jewels in the crown,’ says Watson, but there are other historic buildings needing attention. With logistics support from Antarctica New Zealand, programme managers Al Fastier and Lizzie Meek will be part of a small team heading to Cape Adare, an exposed site more than 700km north of Scott Base. The two Cape Adare huts, remnants of an 1898–1900 British expedition, are not only the first buildings on the continent,’ says Watson, but also the only example of humanity’s first buildings on any continent on Earth.

G. The three-year restoration effort will involve construction repairs and the removal, conservation and return of about 11,000 objects. Compared with the huts on Ross Island, which are relatively sheltered, Cape Adare is a ‘very remote and challenging place to work in’, says Watson. It’s set among the world’s biggest colony of Adélie penguins on an exposed spit of land, and it is important that they don’t interrupt the functioning of the colony in any way while they are there. Lizzie Meek looks forward to the challenge. But I’m also looking forward to going back to the Ross Island huts and seeing them with fresh eyes. After so many years of working on them, to be able to step inside and look around to see what we have accomplished will be amazing.

H. If you can find your way to Antarctica, you’ll need a permit to visit any of these huts, which each are in an Antarctic Specially Protected Area. But there’s an easier way to see them without making the long journey: the trust has partnered with Google to offer Street View walkthroughs of each of the dwellings, available via Google Earth or through the NZHAT’s website.

Questions 14–19
Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs A–H.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A–H, in boxes 14–19 on your answer sheet.

14 a reason the early explorers left some objects behind
15 an explanation of how to see the huts without traveling to Antarctica
16 reference to the fact that Robert Falcon Scott enjoyed the time he spent living in the hut
17 reference to how the Ross Island project has received attention from the media
18 the reason the decision to begin conservation work at Ross Island was made
19 a description of the process for preserving paper

Questions 20 and 21
Choose TWO letters, A–E.
Write the correct letters in boxes 20 and 21 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO research activities were carried out by Scott’s expedition team?
A. collecting samples of sea life monitoring penguin behaviour
B. studying the effects of cold on the human body
C. keeping a record of Antarctic weather patterns
D. drawing pictures of plants and animals

Questions 22 and 23
Choose TWO letters, A–E.
Write the correct letters in boxes 22 and 23 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO statements are true about the conservation workers on Ross Island?
A. They lived in Scott’s huts while carrying out the work.
B. They were in Antarctica for months at a time.
C. They had previously worked together in New Zealand.
D. They restored the contents as well as the buildings themselves.
E. They had no access to showers at all.

Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 24–26 on your answer sheet.

Cape Adare
Adare is located several hundred kilometres north of Scott’s hut. The huts on Cape are not as 24 ______ as those on Ross Island and the workers have to be careful disturb the group of 25 ______ living nearby. Visitors to Antarctica must have a to see the restored huts.

• Dwelling place (noun)

  • Meaning in Vietnamese: Nơi ở
  • Explanation: A place where someone lives, a home.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Few people coming up to the most comfortable dwelling place imaginable are likely to picture wooden huts on an island..."

• Nestled (verb)

  • Meaning in Vietnamese: Nằm gọn, nằm khuất
  • Explanation: Settled or placed comfortably or snugly.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "The hut is nestled below the cliffs on a flat, long stretch of sand."

• Accompanying (adjective)

  • Meaning in Vietnamese: Đi kèm, đồng hành
  • Explanation: Happening or existing at the same time as something else.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "The New Zealand Antarctic Heritage Trust (NZHAT) and its accompanying workers..."

• Artefacts (noun)

  • Meaning in Vietnamese: Di vật
  • Explanation: Objects made by humans, typically of cultural or historical interest.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Many of the artefacts were temporarily removed while carpenters from the team of conservation workers repaired walls..."

• Incubated (verb)

  • Meaning in Vietnamese: Nuôi cấy
  • Explanation: To develop or nurture something, often in a controlled environment.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "In Scott’s ‘command hut’ was the table where team member Edward Wilson had once incubated his moulds and parasites."

• Biologist (noun)

  • Meaning in Vietnamese: Nhà sinh học
  • Explanation: A scientist who studies living organisms.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "This was where the young scientist preserved Antarctic specimens as part of his search for new species..."

• Deterioration (noun)

  • Meaning in Vietnamese: Sự suy thoái, hư hỏng
  • Explanation: The process of something becoming worse or declining in quality.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Metal items would go through a chemical process, followed by a chemical stabilization treatment, then repackaged and preserved in airtight containers for future conservation."

• Meticulous (adjective)

  • Meaning in Vietnamese: Tỉ mỉ, chi tiết
  • Explanation: Showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "The NZHAT team’s conservation treatments involved thorough cleaning, followed by meticulous treatment to help slow or, even reverse, the deterioration."

• Exciting (adjective)

  • Meaning in Vietnamese: Hào hứng, thú vị
  • Explanation: Causing strong feelings of enthusiasm or excitement.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "The team is now known as the most exciting conservation project in the world," says Watson.

• Remnants (noun)

  • Meaning in Vietnamese: Phần còn lại
  • Explanation: Small parts or portions of something that is left after the rest has been used, removed, or destroyed.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "The three restored huts as fantastic remnants of humans’ first contact with the continent."

1. E (3 last lines)
2. I (line 2-5)
3. A (line 1-4)
4. G (line 1-3)
5. C (line 2-4)
6. F (line 5-7)
7. A (5 last lines)

Right Image:

1. E (line 8-10)
2. A (line 4-5)
3. B (line 3-4)
4. Sheltered (line 3)
5. Penguins (line 5)