READING PASSAGE 3
"You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on pages 10 and 11.

The art of deception
Do tiny changes of facial expression show whether someone is telling lies?
Forty years ago, the research psychologist Dr. Paul Ekman was addressing a group of young psychiatrists in training when he was asked a question, the answer to which has kept him busy ever since. Suppose the group wanted to know: a particular patient swears they are telling the truth. They look and sound sincere. So here is the question: is there any way you can be sure they are telling the truth? Ekman did not know the answer then but wanted to find out.

As part of his research, he had already filmed a series of 12-minute interviews with psychiatric patients. In a subsequent conversation, one of the patients said that he had lied to him. So, Ekman sat and looked at the film but saw nothing noteworthy. Then he slowed it down and looked again. Then he slowed it even further. And suddenly, there, across just two frames of the film, he saw it: an intense expression of extreme anguish. It lasted less than a 15th of a second, but once he had spotted the first expression, he soon found three more examples in that same interview. He termed his discovery "micro-expression": very rapid intense demonstrations of emotion that the subject intended to be concealed.

Over the course of the next four decades, Ekman successfully demonstrated a proposition first suggested by Charles Darwin: that the ways in which we express disgust, contempt, fear, surprise, happiness, and sadness are universal. The facial muscles triggered by those seven basic emotions are, he has shown, essentially standard, regardless of language and culture, from the US to Japan and Brazil to Papua New Guinea. What is more, expressions of emotion are impossible to suppress and, particularly when we are lying, micro-expressions of powerfully felt emotions will inevitably flit across our face before we get the chance to stop them.

Fortunately for liars, most people will fail to spot these fleeting signals of inner torment. Of the 15,000 Ekman has tested, only 50 people, whom he calls "naturals," have been able to do it. But given a little more training, Ekman says, almost anyone can develop the skill. He should know, since these tests were completed in the mid-1980s and the first publication of his research, he has been called in by the FBI and CIA (among countless more law enforcement and other agencies around the world), not just to solve cases, but to teach them how to use his techniques for themselves. He has held workshops for defense and prosecution lawyers, health professionals, even jealous spouses, all of them wanting to know exactly when someone is not being 100 per cent candid.

Most recently, Ekman’s research has featured in a new television series about the exploits of the fictional Dr. Cal Lightman, a scientist who studies involuntary body language to discover not only if you are lying but why you might have been motivated to do so. According to the publicity blurb, Lightman is a human lie detector, even more accurate than a polygraph test. Ekman concedes he was skeptical when the producer first approached him with the idea of turning his life’s work into a TV series, and initially would have stopped the project if he could. In particular, he was fearful that the show would exaggerate the effectiveness of his techniques and create the quite inaccurate impression among audiences that criminals could no longer hope to get away with lying. In the worst-case scenario, he was concerned about unfair convictions, that one day someone not properly trained in his techniques might be sitting on a jury and wrongly find someone guilty of a crime simply on the basis of a television programme.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

In the end, though, he was won over because the series is unusual in several respects. It is the first time, as far as Ekman is aware, that a commercial TV drama has been based on the work of just one scientist. That scientist is also deeply involved in the project, talking through plot ideas and checking five successive drafts of each script to ensure details are correct. He was also impressed with the producer’s manifestly serious and well-intentioned reasons for making the programme. Now that the first series has been completed, he believes probably 80-90 per cent of the show is based on fact and that’s good enough for what it is. After all, a drama, not a documentary.

Ekman, incidentally, professes to have been a terrible liar ever since he was a small boy and observes that the ability to detect a lie and the ability to lie successfully are completely unrelated. He has been asked by people running for high office if he could teach them to become more credible with the public but has always refused to use his skills in that way on ethical grounds. He also insists that there are various kinds of lies. A "true" lie can be identified by having two essential characteristics: there must be a deliberate intent to mislead and there must be no notification that this is what is occurring. This means that an actor or a poker player isn’t a true liar. They are supposed to deceive you, it’s part of the game, and the same is true of flattery. He prefers to focus on the kinds of lies where the liar would be on grave trouble if they were found out and where the target would feel properly aggrieved if they knew.

Questions 27-31
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.

27 According to the writer, Ekman became interested in lying after a question from
A. peers
B. patients
C. students
D. teachers

28 The writer refers to the 12-minute interviews in order to...

A illustrate how frequently patients lie
B describe the origins of Ekman’s theories
C compare Ekman’s research to previous studies
D show how patients’ behaviour is affected by filming

29 What is the writer’s point in the third paragraph?
A micro-expressions are common to all people
B recent research has refuted an old idea
C with practice we can learn to control our micro-expressions
D human society is too complex to allow for generalisations

30 What are we told about Ekman’s conclusions from his tests?
A It’s natural for people to lie
B Few untrained people can detect lies
C most liars suffer from periods of depression
D all of his subjects were trained to identify micro-expressions

31 At what point does the writer make about Ekman’s techniques in the fourth paragraph?
A They take decades to teach
B they have been in great demand
C They have aroused the suspicions of some agencies
D they can be used by a limited range of occupations

Questions 32–36
Complete the summary using the list of words, A–H, below.
Write the correct letter, A–H, in boxes 32–36 on your answer sheet.

The television series based on Ekman’s work
A new TV series based on Ekman’s work features a hero named Lightman, who detects lies. Initially, Ekman was unenthusiastic about the TV project because he feared the possibility of encouraging viewers 32 ___. For example, he was worried that one day the programme could result in 33 ___ not being carried out. Ultimately though, he has given the show his blessing because he is not aware of any other comparable programme based on a single person’s 34 ___. The 35 of the show’s producer have been another pleasant surprise and, considering the genre of the programme, Ekman is happy with the show’s overall 36.

A consequences
B crimes
C False beliefs
D motives
E justice
F accuracy
G acting
H research
I ratings

Question 37–40
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 37–40 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

37 Ekman regrets the lies he told as a child
38 People who are good at lying tend to be good at detecting lies
39 Ekman has worked with poker players to help them lie more convincingly
40 Ekman is more interested in the types of lies with serious consequences

1. Deception

• Meaning: Sự lừa dối
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Do tiny changes of facial expression show whether someone is telling lies? Forty years ago, the research psychologist Dr. Paul Ekman addressed this question." - Liệu những thay đổi nhỏ trên khuôn mặt có thể hiện ai đó đang nói dối hay không?

2. Micro-expression

• Meaning: Biểu cảm nhỏ
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "...micro-expression: very rapid intense demonstrations of emotion that the subject intended to be concealed."-  Những biểu cảm thoáng qua có thể tiết lộ cảm xúc mà người đó muốn che giấu.

3. Concealed

• Meaning: Bị che giấu
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "...emotion that the subject intended to be concealed."- Cảm xúc mà đối tượng cố ý giấu đi.

4. Anguish

• Meaning: Nỗi đau khổ tột cùng
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "...he saw it: an intense expression of extreme anguish."

5. Detect

• Meaning: Phát hiện
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Few untrained people can detect lies."- Chỉ một số ít người không được đào tạo mới có thể phát hiện ra lời nói dối.

6. Psychiatric

• Meaning: Thuộc về tâm thần
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Ekman had already filmed a series of 12-minute interviews with psychiatric patients."- Ekman đã quay một loạt các cuộc phỏng vấn với bệnh nhân tâm thần.

7. Credible

• Meaning: Đáng tin cậy
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "He has been asked by people running for high office if he could teach them to become more credible with the public..."- Ông đã được yêu cầu dạy người khác để trở nên đáng tin hơn trước công chúng.

8. Suspicion

• Meaning: Sự nghi ngờ
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "They have aroused the suspicions of some agencies."- Điều đó đã khơi dậy sự nghi ngờ của một số cơ quan.

9. Convictions

• Meaning: Sự kết án
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "...he was concerned about unfair convictions, that one day someone not properly trained in his techniques might be sitting on a jury and wrongly find someone guilty of a crime..."- Ông lo lắng về những vụ kết án không công bằng.

10. Encourage

• Meaning: Khuyến khích
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "...he feared the possibility of encouraging viewers..."- Ông ấy sợ rằng chương trình sẽ khuyến khích người xem có những suy nghĩ không chính xác.

11. Ultimately

• Meaning: Cuối cùng thì
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Ultimately though, he has given the show his blessing..."- Cuối cùng thì, ông ấy đã chấp thuận chương trình.

12. Blessing

• Meaning: Sự đồng ý, sự chấp thuận
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "...he has given the show his blessing because he is not aware of any other comparable programme..."- Ông ấy đã chấp thuận chương trình vì nó không có chương trình nào khác tương tự.

• A
• B
• A
• D
• D
• C
• B
• H
• E
• G
• NG
• N
• NG
• Y