The Evolution of Quantum Computing (Đề thi IELTS READING 18/7/2024)

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on the reading passage below.

The Evolution of Quantum Computing

a. Quantum computing, a field at the intersection of computer science and quantum physics, has seen remarkable advancements over the past few decades. Unlike classical computers that use bits as the smallest unit of data, quantum computers utilize quantum bits or qubits. These qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously, thanks to the principles of superposition and entanglement. This unique property allows quantum computers to solve certain complex problems much faster than their classical counterparts.
b. One of the most significant potential applications of quantum computing is in the field of cryptography. Traditional cryptographic methods, which rely on the difficulty of factoring large numbers, could be rendered obsolete by quantum algorithms such as Shor's algorithm. This algorithm can factor large numbers exponentially faster than the best-known classical algorithms, potentially breaking widely used encryption schemes. Consequently, the development of quantum-resistant cryptographic methods is of paramount importance to ensure data security in the quantum era.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR
C.
Another promising area for quantum computing is drug discovery. The process of developing new drugs involves simulating molecular structures and interactions, which is computationally intensive and time-consuming on classical computers. Quantum computers can model these complex molecular systems more efficiently, potentially accelerating the discovery of new medications and treatments. This capability could revolutionize the pharmaceutical industry, leading to faster and more cost-effective drug development.
d. However, the practical implementation of quantum computing faces numerous challenges. Qubits are highly susceptible to environmental noise and decoherence, which can cause errors in calculations. Maintaining qubits in a stable state requires extremely low temperatures and sophisticated error-correction techniques. Additionally, scaling up the number of qubits to build a fully functional quantum computer remains a significant hurdle. Ethical and societal implications of quantum computing also need careful consideration. The potential to break existing encryption schemes poses a threat to privacy and security. Furthermore, the ability to solve complex optimization problems could lead to significant economic shifts, benefiting some sectors while disadvantaging others. There is also the risk of exacerbating existing inequalities, as nations or organizations that gain early access to quantum computing technology could wield considerable power.
e. Ethical and societal implications of quantum computing also need careful consideration. The potential to break existing encryption schemes poses a threat to privacy and security. Furthermore, the ability to solve complex optimization problems could lead to significant economic shifts, benefiting some sectors while disadvantaging others. There is also the risk of exacerbating existing inequalities, as nations or organizations that gain early access to quantum computing technology could wield considerable power.
f. The race to achieve quantum supremacy-the point at which a quantum computer can perform a calculation beyond the capability of the most advanced classical computers-has intensified among leading technology companies and research institutions. Google claimed to have achieved this milestone in 2019 with its Sycamore processor, though this claim has been met with skepticism and debate within the scientific community. Despite this, the quest for quantum supremacy continues to drive rapid advancements in the field.
g. In conclusion, quantum computing holds the promise of revolutionizing various fields through its unparalleled computational power. However, the road to practical and widespread use is fraught with technical, ethical, and societal challenges that must be addressed. Ensuring the responsible development and deployment of this transformative technology is crucial for maximizing its benefits while minimizing potential risks.

Questions 1-5
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
1. What unique property allows quantum computers to solve certain problems faster than classical computers?
a. Binary encoding
b. Electromagnetic waves
c. Superposition and entanglement
d. Multitasking capabilities
2. What potential impact could quantum computing have on traditional cryptographic methods?
a. Enhance their security
b. Render them obsolete
c. Make them easier to use
d. Reduce their cost
3. In what industry could quantum computing significantly accelerate progress, according to the passage?
a. Aerospace>> IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI 30/5/2020 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 (kèm bài sửa HS đạt 6.5)
b. Agriculture
c. Pharmaceuticals
d. Education

Answers: 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. False 7. True 8. False 9. False 10. d 11. e 12. f 13. c