🔥Wooden Buildings (Đề thi IELTS READING) - Kèm giải thích từ vựng

Wooden Buildings

Using wood as a construction material for large buildings is an ancient practice. The 67-metre-high Sakyamuni Pagoda in China was constructed in 1056, while Japan’s Höryü-ji Temple is even older, dating from the 7th or 8th century. That these magnificent structures have survived for over a thousand years is evidence of wood’s strength and durability as a building material. Still today, 80% of houses in the USA are built of wood. In Australia the proportion is slightly smaller since stone is also a popular choice, particularly in the southern states, while in New Zealand the figure is more like 85%. Certainly, there are problems associated with wooden constructions: wood can rot when exposed to water and is said to be a fire risk. However, with modern technology these issues can be eliminated, which has led to a dramatic renewal of interest in wood as a building material in recent years.

Today, architects and engineers recognize the potential of wood not only for private homes but also for larger multi-storey offices and apartment blocks. In 2015, a 52.8-meter wooden tower block was constructed in Norway, then a world record for an apartment block, but this was soon surpassed by a 53-meter student dormitory at the University of British Columbia in Canada. Then came the 84-meter HoHo building in Vienna, home to a hotel, offices and apartments. Although the HoHo building has a concrete core, most of the structure, as well as the floors, are built of wood. Many of these advances have been made possible by research at the Technical Institute in Graz, Austria, where new engineering systems based on wood construction have been pioneered.

A good example of these techniques is found at the Wood Innovation and Design Centre at the University of Northern British Columbia, Canada. The first stage in the construction of the building saw large planks of Douglas fir being fastened to one another with glue, which these days can be stronger than nails or screws. This produced large heavy sheets of wooden material; these became the basic structural components for the building. These sheets then had to be precision-cut to create the thousands of columns and beams necessary-the team employed lasers for this purpose. Once the cutting work was complete, all the wooden components were taken to the site for assembly. The building was constructed one storey at a time, layer upon layer, not unlike the system used to make a large cake. Once the eighth and final storey was completed, the building reached a height of 30 meters and became a notable landmark in its neighbourhood. And, of course, one of the great advantages of wood comes at the end of a building’s life, in around 100 years’ time. When the Wood Innovation and Design Centre eventually has to be demolished, it will be possible for its principal building material to be recycled, which is not usually practical with steel or concrete.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

Other significant wooden buildings are to be found in locations around the world. Perhaps not surprisingly, given that the Höryü-ji Temple may be the oldest large wooden building in the world, Japanese engineers are at the forefront of this process. One thing that has been learned from maintaining the Höryü-ji Temple over many centuries is that it is often simpler to make major repairs to wooden structures than to those made of concrete and steel. Until quite recently, regulations in Japan have made the construction of very large wooden structures difficult. However, in recognition of new technologies, these are being relaxed by the government, with the result that ever more ambitious projects are being announced. Perhaps the most radical example is the proposed Sumitomo Tower, a skyscraper of 70 storeys to be built largely of wood in central Tokyo; its completion date is 2041.

Because wood is more flexible than steel, it has great potential in countries prone to earthquakes, such as Japan and New Zealand. Engineers in New Zealand believe that wood construction can significantly improve building safety in the event of a natural disaster, as has been demonstrated at the new Wynn Williams House. The wood has been left exposed inside the house to showcase how this type of construction provides attractive interiors as well. Another advantage of wood is that it is so light, particularly when compared to steel and concrete. In Australia, the benefits of lightweight have been taken advantage of in the city of Melbourne, where a large wooden library has been constructed directly beside the water, on land so soft that a heavier building would have been impossible. Furthermore, wood is advantageous even in extreme climates. In Finland, where winter temperatures can fall to -30°C, wood provides all the load-bearing structures for the Puukuokka Block but also guarantees excellent heat insulation as well.

As wood construction technologies continue to develop, it seems probable that architects and engineers will dream up ever more uses for this practical, flexible, and beautiful building material.

Questions 1-4
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?

In boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet, write:

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1. More houses are built of wood in Australia than in the USA.
   TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN

2. There are solutions to the problems of building with wood.
   TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN

3. Several different species of tree were used to construct the HoHo building.
   TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN

4. Research at the Technical Institute in Graz improved wooden building technology.
   TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN

Questions 5-8
Complete the flow-chart below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.

Building the Wood Innovation and Design Centre

• Wooden planks were joined together using 5 ____________.
• 6 ____________ were then used to cut this material accurately.
• The wood was taken to the site.
• The building was constructed in the same way a 7 ____________ is put together.
• In about 100 years’ time, the wood can be 8 ____________.

Questions 9-13
Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.

Other Significant Wooden Buildings

Japan:

• Experience with the Höryü-ji Temple proves that 9 ____________ are easier with wood.>> IELTS TUTOR có hướng dẫn kĩ SỬA BÀI IELTS WRITING TASK 2 ĐỀ THI THẬT NGÀY 22/8/2020 của HS IELTS TUTOR đạt 6.5 Writing
• New technologies and new 10 ____________ make large buildings such as Sumitomo Tower possible.

Other Countries:

• Wynn Williams House in New Zealand is earthquake-proof and is an example of how wooden buildings can have 11 ____________.
• Wood is so light that a new library in Australia was built right next to 12 ____________.
• Finland’s Puukuokka Block illustrates that wood provides a good 13 ____________ in addition to structural strength.

• Pagoda: Chùa tháp

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "The 67-metre-high Sakyamuni Pagoda in China was constructed in 1056."- Chùa tháp Sakyamuni cao 67 mét ở Trung Quốc được xây dựng vào năm 1056.

• Durability: Độ bền

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Evidence of wood’s strength and durability as a building material."- Bằng chứng về độ bền và sức mạnh của gỗ như một vật liệu xây dựng.

• Proportion: Tỷ lệ

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "In Australia, the proportion is slightly smaller."- Ở Úc, tỷ lệ này nhỏ hơn một chút.

• Rot: Mục nát

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Wood can rot when exposed to water."- Gỗ có thể bị mục nát khi tiếp xúc với nước.

• Eliminated: Loại bỏ

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "These issues can be eliminated with modern technology."- Những vấn đề này có thể được loại bỏ bằng công nghệ hiện đại.

• Renewal: Sự đổi mới

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "A dramatic renewal of interest in wood as a building material."- Sự đổi mới đáng kể trong sự quan tâm đến gỗ như một vật liệu xây dựng.

• Pioneered: Tiên phong

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "New engineering systems based on wood construction have been pioneered."- Các hệ thống kỹ thuật mới dựa trên xây dựng bằng gỗ đã được tiên phong.

• Precision-cut: Cắt chính xác

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "These sheets then had to be precision-cut."- Những tấm này sau đó phải được cắt một cách chính xác.

• Landmark: Dấu ấn hoặc cột mốc

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "The building became a notable landmark in its neighborhood."- Tòa nhà trở thành một dấu ấn đáng chú ý trong khu vực của nó.

• Skyscraper: Nhà chọc trời

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "The proposed Sumitomo Tower, a skyscraper of 70 storeys."- Tòa nhà Sumitomo được đề xuất, một nhà chọc trời 70 tầng.

• Load-bearing: Chịu tải

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Wood provides all the load-bearing structures for the Puukuokka Block."- Gỗ cung cấp tất cả các cấu trúc chịu tải cho Khu Puukuokka.

• Extreme climates: Khí hậu khắc nghiệt

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Wood is advantageous even in extreme climates."-  Gỗ thậm chí có lợi trong khí hậu khắc nghiệt.

• Insulation: Sự cách nhiệt

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Wood guarantees excellent heat insulation."- Gỗ đảm bảo cách nhiệt tuyệt vời.

• Earthquake-proof: Chống động đất

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Wynn Williams House in New Zealand is earthquake-proof."- Ngôi nhà Wynn Williams ở New Zealand chống động đất.

• Ambitious: Tham vọng

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Ever more ambitious projects are being announced."- Ngày càng nhiều dự án tham vọng được công bố.

1. FALSE 2. TRUE 3. NOT GIVEN 4. TRUE 5. glue 6. Lasers 7. cake 8. recycled 9. (major) repairs 10. regulations 11. attractive interiors 12. water 13. (heat) insulation