Bên cạnh PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI THẬT TASK 2 (dạng advantages & disadvantages) Some students work while studying. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend and give your opinion?NGÀY 04/8/2020 IELTS WRITING GENERAL MÁY TÍNH (kèm bài được sửa hs đi thi), IELTS TUTOR cũng cung cấp 🔥A Wonder Plant - Bamboo Furniture​: Đề thi thật IELTS READING (IELTS Reading Recent Actual Test) - Làm bài online format computer-based, kèm giải thích từ vựng

A Wonder Plant - Bamboo Furniture

The wonder plant with an uncertain future: more than a billion people rely on bamboo for either their shelter or income, while many endangered species depend on it for their survival. Despite its apparent abundance, a new report says that species of bamboo may be under serious threat.

A

Every year, during the rainy season, the mountain gorillas of Central Africa migrate to the foothills and lower slopes of the Virunga Mountains to graze on bamboo. For the 650 or so that remain in the wild, it’s a vital food source. Although there are almost 150 types of plant, as well as various insects and other invertebrates, bamboo accounts for up to 90 percent of their diet at this time of year. Without it, says Ian Redmond, chairman of the Ape Alliance, their chances of survival would be reduced significantly. Gorillas aren’t the only locals keen on bamboo. For the people who live close to the Virungas, it’s a valuable and versatile raw material used for building houses and making household items such as mats and baskets. But in the past 100 years or so, resources have come under increasing pressure as populations have exploded and large areas of bamboo forest have been cleared to make way for farms and commercial plantations.

B

Sadly, this isn’t an isolated story. All over the world, the ranges of many bamboo species appear to be shrinking, endangering the people and animals that depend upon them. But despite bamboo’s importance, we know surprisingly little about it. A recent report published by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Network for Bamboo and Rattan (INBAR) has revealed just how profound is our ignorance of global bamboo resources, particularly in relation to conservation. There are almost 1,600 recognized species of bamboo, but the report concentrated on the 1,200 or so woody varieties distinguished by the strong stems, or culms, that most people associate with this versatile plant. Of these, only 38 ‘priority species’ identified for their commercial value have been the subject of any real scientific research, and this has focused mostly on matters relating to their viability as a commodity. This problem isn’t confined to bamboo. Compared to the work carried out on animals, the science of assessing the conservation status of plants is still in its infancy. “People have only started looking hard at this during the past 10-15 years, and only now are they getting a handle on how to go about it systematically,” says Dr. Valerie Kapos, one of the report’s authors and a senior adviser in forest ecology and conservation to the UNEP.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

C

Bamboo is a type of grass. It comes in a wide variety of forms, ranging in height from 30 centimeters to more than 40 meters. It is also the world’s fastest-growing woody plant; some species can grow more than a meter in a day. Bamboo’s ecological role extends beyond providing food and habitat for animals. Bamboo tends to grow in stands made up of groups of individual plants that grow from root systems known as rhizomes. Its extensive rhizome systems, which tie in the top layers of the soil, are crucial in preventing soil erosion. And there is growing evidence that bamboo plays an important part in determining forest structure and dynamics. “Bamboo’s pattern of mass flowering and mass death leaves behind large areas of dry biomass that attract wildfire,” says Kapos. “When these burn, they create patches of open ground within the forest far bigger than would be left by a fallen tree.” Patchiness helps to preserve diversity because certain plant species do better during the early stages of regeneration when there are gaps in the canopy.

D

However, bamboo’s most immediate significance lies in its economic value. Modern processing techniques mean that it can be used in a variety of ways, for example, as flooring and laminates. One of the fastest growing bamboo products is paper—25 percent of paper produced in India is made from bamboo fiber, and in Brazil, 100,000 hectares of bamboo are grown for its production. Of course, bamboo’s main function has always been in domestic applications, and as a locally traded commodity it’s worth about $4.5 billion annually. Because of its versatility, flexibility, and strength (its tensile strength compares to that of some steel), it has traditionally been used in construction. Today, more than one billion people worldwide live in bamboo houses. Bamboo is often the only readily available raw material for people in many developing countries, says Chris Stapleton, a research associate at the Royal Botanic Gardens. “Bamboo can be harvested from forest areas or grown quickly elsewhere, and then converted simply without expensive machinery or facilities,” he says. “In this way, it contributes substantially to poverty alleviation and wealth creation.”

E

Given bamboo’s value in economic and ecological terms, the picture painted by the UNEP report is all the more worrying. But keen horticulturists will spot an apparent contradiction here. Those who’ve followed the recent vogue for cultivating exotic species in their gardens will point out that if it isn’t kept in check, bamboo can cause real problems. “In a lot of places, the people who live with bamboo don’t perceive it as being endangered in any way,” says Kapos. “In fact, a lot of bamboo species are actually very invasive if they’ve been introduced.” So why are so many species endangered? There are two separate issues here, says Ray Townsend, vice president of the British Bamboo Society and arboretum manager at the Royal Botanic Gardens. “Some plants are threatened because they can’t survive in the habitat—they aren’t strong enough or there aren’t enough of them, perhaps. But bamboo can take care of itself—it is strong enough to survive if left alone. What is under threat is its habitat.” It is the physical disturbance that is the threat to bamboo, says Kapos. “When forest goes, it is converted into something else: there isn’t anywhere for forest plants such as bamboo to grow if you create a cattle pasture.”

F

Around the world, bamboo species are routinely protected as part of forest ecosystems in national parks and reserves, but there is next to nothing that protects bamboo in the wild for its own sake. However, some small steps are being taken to address this situation. The UNEP-INBAR report will help conservationists to establish effective measures aimed at protecting valuable wild bamboo species. Townsend, too, sees the UNEP report as an important step forward in promoting the cause of bamboo conservation. “Until now, bamboo has been perceived as a second-class plant. When you talk about places such as the Amazon, everyone always thinks about the hardwoods. Of course, these are significant, but there is a tendency to overlook the plants they are associated with, which are often bamboo species. In many ways, it is the most important plant known to man. I can’t think of another plant that is used so much and is so commercially important in so many countries.” He believes that the most important first step is to get scientists into the field. “We need to go out there, look at these plants and see how they survive and then use that information to conserve them for the future.”

Questions 1-7
The Reading Passage has six sections A-F.
Which section contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-F in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.

1. Comparison of bamboo with other plant species

2. Commercial products of bamboo

3. Limited extent of existing research

4. A human development that destroyed large areas of bamboo

5. How bamboos are put to a variety of uses

6. An explanation of how bamboo can help the survival of a range of plants

7. The methods used to study bamboo

Questions 8-11
Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-D) with opinions or deeds below.
Write the appropriate letters A-D in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.
NB you may use any letter more than once.

A Ian Redmond
B Valerie Kapos
C Ray Townsend
D Chris Stapleton

1. Destroying bamboo jeopardizes wildlife.

2. People have very confined knowledge of bamboo.

3. Some people do not think that bamboo is endangered.

4. Bamboo has loads of commercial potential.

Questions 12-13
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 12-13 on your answer sheet.

1. What environmental problem does the unique root system of bamboo prevent?

2. Which bamboo product is experiencing market expansion?

1. Bamboo (n) - Tre:

   • Vietnamese: Tre là một loại cây thuộc họ cỏ, có thân cứng và rỗng, thường được sử dụng trong xây dựng và sản xuất đồ gia dụng.

   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "For the 650 or so that remain in the wild, it’s a vital food source." (Đối với khoảng 650 cá thể còn lại trong tự nhiên, tre là nguồn thức ăn quan trọng.)

2. Endangered species (n) - Các loài có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng:

   • Vietnamese: Những loài động vật hoặc thực vật đang đối mặt với nguy cơ tuyệt chủng do môi trường sống bị đe dọa.

   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Many endangered species depend on it for their survival." (Nhiều loài có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng phụ thuộc vào tre để sinh tồn.)

3. Versatile (adj) - Đa dụng, linh hoạt:

   • Vietnamese: Có thể được sử dụng cho nhiều mục đích khác nhau.

   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "For the people who live close to the Virungas, it’s a valuable and versatile raw material." (Đối với người dân sống gần dãy núi Virunga, tre là một nguyên liệu thô quý giá và đa dụng.)

4. Rhizomes (n) - Thân rễ:

   • Vietnamese: Phần thân ngầm của cây, thường mọc ngang dưới mặt đất và có khả năng tạo ra cây mới.

   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Bamboo tends to grow in stands made up of groups of individual plants that grow from root systems known as rhizomes." (Tre thường mọc thành cụm gồm các cây riêng lẻ phát triển từ hệ thống rễ được gọi là thân rễ.)

5. Soil erosion (n) - Xói mòn đất:

   • Vietnamese: Quá trình đất bị mất đi do tác động của nước, gió hoặc các yếu tố tự nhiên khác.

   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Its extensive rhizome systems, which tie in the top layers of the soil, are crucial in preventing soil erosion." (Hệ thống thân rễ rộng lớn của tre, liên kết các lớp đất trên cùng, rất quan trọng trong việc ngăn ngừa xói mòn đất.)

6. Biomass (n) - Sinh khối:

   • Vietnamese: Khối lượng vật chất hữu cơ có nguồn gốc từ thực vật hoặc động vật.

   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Bamboo’s pattern of mass flowering and mass death leaves behind large areas of dry biomass that attract wildfire." (Mô hình nở hoa hàng loạt và chết hàng loạt của tre để lại những khu vực lớn sinh khối khô thu hút cháy rừng.)

7. Tensile strength (n) - Độ bền kéo:

   • Vietnamese: Khả năng chịu lực kéo của một vật liệu trước khi bị đứt.

   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "Because of its versatility, flexibility, and strength (its tensile strength compares to that of some steel)." (Nhờ tính đa dụng, linh hoạt và độ bền (độ bền kéo của tre có thể so sánh với một số loại thép).)

8. Poverty alleviation (n) - Giảm nghèo:

   • Vietnamese: Quá trình giảm bớt tình trạng nghèo đói trong một cộng đồng hoặc quốc gia.

   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "In this way, it contributes substantially to poverty alleviation and wealth creation." (Bằng cách này, tre góp phần đáng kể vào việc giảm nghèo và tạo ra của cải.)

9. Invasive (adj) - Xâm lấn:

   • Vietnamese: Có khả năng lan rộng và chiếm lĩnh không gian của các loài khác.

   • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "In fact, a lot of bamboo species are actually very invasive if they’ve been introduced." (Trên thực tế, nhiều loài tre rất xâm lấn nếu chúng được đưa vào môi trường mới.)

10. Conservation (n) - Bảo tồn:

    • Vietnamese: Việc bảo vệ và duy trì các loài động thực vật hoặc môi trường tự nhiên.

    • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: "The UNEP-INBAR report will help conservationists to establish effective measures aimed at protecting valuable wild bamboo species." (Báo cáo của UNEP-INBAR sẽ giúp các nhà bảo tồn thiết lập các biện pháp hiệu quả nhằm bảo vệ các loài tre hoang dã có giá trị.)

Questions 1-7

1. E

2. D

3. B

4. A

5. D

6. C

7. B

Questions 8-11
8. A
9. B
10. B
11. D

Questions 12-13
12. soil erosion
13. paper

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